Embodied memory allows accurate and stable perception of hidden objects despite orientation change
Embodied memory allows accurate and stable perception of hidden objects despite orientation change
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尽管方向发生变化，具身记忆仍可准确稳定地感知隐藏物体
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
Geoffrey P. Bingham
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作者：
Jing Samantha Pan;Ned Bingham;Geoffrey P. Bingham
在正面平行平面上旋转场景（滚动）会改变组成图像的方向。当仅使用静态图像提供的信息来感知方向变化后的场景时，识别性能通常会下降（Rock & Heimer, 1957）。然而，滚动产生的光流信息将离散的静态图像（变化前后）联系起来，并形成有助于识别的具体化记忆。具身记忆假说认为，观察者在检测到图像结构的连续空间变换，即看到连续的滚动过程和滚动的物体后，应该准确地感知运动中的物体和运动后的物体。因此，在这种情况下，方向的改变不应该影响性能。我们在三个实验中验证了这一假设，发现(a)结合光流和图像结构，参与者以极高的准确性和稳定性识别出先前感知但目前被遮挡的目标的位置（实验1）；(b)结合光流和图像结构信息，在30°方向变化和30°方向变化情况下，被试对隐藏目标的识别效果相同（实验2）；(c)当滚动不可见时，改变方向后的隐藏目标识别变差（实验3）。此外，当看不见滚动时，虽然被告知方向变化的参与者的目标识别比不被告知的参与者更好，但表现仍然不如没有方向变化的参与者。因此，结合光流和图像结构信息，而不仅仅是关于滚动的知识，可以在方向变化的情况下实现准确和稳定的感知。
Rotating a scene in a frontoparallel plane (rolling) yields a change in orientation of constituent images. When using only information provided by static images to perceive a scene after orientation change, identification performance typically decreases (Rock & Heimer, 1957). However, rolling generates optic flow information that relates the discrete, static images (before and after the change) and forms an embodied memory that aids recognition. The embodied memory hypothesis predicts that upon detecting a continuous spatial transformation of image structure, or in other words, seeing the continuous rolling process and objects undergoing rolling observers should accurately perceive objects during and after motion. Thus, in this case, orientation change should not affect performance. We tested this hypothesis in three experiments and found that (a) using combined optic flow and image structure, participants identified locations of previously perceived but currently occluded targets with great accuracy and stability (Experiment 1); (b) using combined optic flow and image structure information, participants identified hidden targets equally well with or without 30° orientation changes (Experiment 2); and (c) when the rolling was unseen, identification of hidden targets after orientation change became worse (Experiment 3). Furthermore, when rolling was unseen, although target identification was better when participants were told about the orientation change than when they were not told, performance was still worse than when there was no orientation change. Therefore, combined optic flow and image structure information, not mere knowledge about the rolling, enables accurate and stable perception despite orientation change.