To Inform or to Instruct? An Evaluation of Meaningful Vibrotactile Patterns to Support Automated Vehicle Takeover Performance
To Inform or to Instruct? An Evaluation of Meaningful Vibrotactile Patterns to Support Automated Vehicle Takeover Performance
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DOI：
10.1109/thms.2022.3205880
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发表时间：
2023-08
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Gaojian Huang;Brandon J. Pitts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gaojian Huang;Brandon J. Pitts
自动驾驶汽车有时可能需要驾驶员接管。接管过程的复杂性保证了有效的人机界面的设计，帮助司机重新获得控制，特别是当视觉和听觉感官模态被占领。振动触觉显示器，它可以代表驾驶环境元素的状态，方向和位置的信息，已被建议作为一个有前途的方法，但其有效性，以帮助接管过渡尚未得到充分评估。本研究探讨有意义的触觉信号模式，作为接管请求，对自动驾驶汽车接管性能的影响。40名参与者乘坐模拟的SAE 3级自动驾驶汽车，并完成了一系列具有两种触觉模式格式的接管任务，即，信息（显示周围车辆的状态信息）和指导（显示适当的接管操作），以及三个车内位置（座椅靠背、座椅底板以及座椅靠背和座椅底板组合）。根据周围车辆的位置，接管响应选项包括仅改变车道或制动应用，然后改变车道。结果表明，只有有意义的教学触觉信号，无论是在座椅靠背或座板，与更差的接管响应时间和最大的加速度相比，没有任何模式的信号。此外，座椅靠背上呈现的触觉信息被认为是最有用和最令人满意的。这项研究的结果可以为下一代人机界面的开发提供信息，这些界面在自动化的广泛环境中利用触觉刺激。
Automated vehicles may occasionally require drivers to take over. The complexity of the takeover process warrants the design of effective human–machine interfaces that assist drivers in regaining control, especially when the visual and auditory sensory modalities are occupied. Vibrotactile displays, which can represent information about the status, direction, and position of driving environment elements, have been suggested as one promising approach, but their effectiveness to aid in takeover transitions has not been fully evaluated. This study investigated the effects of meaningful tactile signal patterns, used as takeover requests, on automated vehicle takeover performance. Forty participants rode in a simulated SAE Level 3 automated vehicle and completed a series of takeover tasks with two tactile pattern formats, i.e., informative (which displayed status information of surrounding vehicles) and instructional (that displayed the appropriate takeover maneuver), and three in-vehicle locations (seat back, seat pan, and a seat back and seat pan combination). Takeover response options included lane changes only or brake applications followed by changing lanes, depending on the locations of surrounding vehicles. Results indicate that only meaningful instructional tactile signals, in either the seat back or seat pan, were associated with worse takeover response time and maximum resulting acceleration compared to signals without any patterns. Additionally, tactile information presented on the seat back was perceived as the most useful and satisfying. Findings from this study can inform the development of next-generation human–machine interfaces that utilize tactile stimulation in a wide range of environments with automation.