Principles of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter
Principles of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter
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DOI：
10.1093/oso/9780198862314.001.0001
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发表时间：
2020-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Boothroyd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Boothroyd
这本书包含了一个全面的理论和应用中子散射的结构和凝聚态物质的动力学研究。所有主要的实验技术可在国家和国际中子散射设施被涵盖。提出了形式理论，并用于说明中子散射测量如何直接获得表征大块物质平衡特性的各种相关和响应函数。描述了用中子衍射和中子光学方法测定原子排列和磁结构的方法，包括单晶和粉末衍射、无序结构的漫射散射、全散射、小角散射、反射和成像。解释了主要中子光谱技术背后的原理，包括连续和飞行时间非弹性散射、准弹性散射、自旋回波光谱和康普顿散射。计算了固体中原子振动的散射截面，原子和分子流体中的扩散运动，以及单原子和协同磁激励。详细介绍了中子极化分析，并举例说明如何利用极化中子来获得其他方法无法获得的结构和磁相关信息。除了理论方面，这本书还描述了进行实验和分析和解释数据所需的基本实用信息。每章的最后都有练习，以巩固和加强对材料的理解，附录中给出了数学、量子力学和线性响应理论的相关结果总结。
The book contains a comprehensive account of the theory and application of neutron scattering for the study of the structure and dynamics of condensed matter. All the principal experimental techniques available at national and international neutron scattering facilities are covered. The formal theory is presented, and used to show how neutron scattering measurements give direct access to a variety of correlation and response functions which characterize the equilibrium properties of bulk matter. The determination of atomic arrangements and magnetic structures by neutron diffraction and neutron optical methods is described, including single-crystal and powder diffraction, diffuse scattering from disordered structures, total scattering, small-angle scattering, reflectometry, and imaging. The principles behind the main neutron spectroscopic techniques are explained, including continuous and time-of-flight inelastic scattering, quasielastic scattering, spin-echo spectroscopy, and Compton scattering. The scattering cross-sections for atomic vibrations in solids, diffusive motion in atomic and molecular fluids, and single-atom and cooperative magnetic excitations are calculated. A detailed account of neutron polarization analysis is given, together with examples of how polarized neutrons can be exploited to obtain information about structural and magnetic correlations which cannot be obtained by other methods. Alongside the theoretical aspects, the book also describes the essential practical information needed to perform experiments and to analyse and interpret the data. Exercises are included at the end of each chapter to consolidate and enhance understanding of the material, and a summary of relevant results from mathematics, quantum mechanics, and linear response theory, is given in the appendices.