The Cell Biology of Sponges
The Cell Biology of Sponges
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4612-5214-6
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发表时间：
1984-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Simpson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Simpson
现代生物学在很大程度上归功于对有利的模型系统的研究，这有助于实现临界实验，并导致新概念的引入。这种系统的例子很多，科学界经常承认对它们的研究。1983年诺贝尔医学和生理学奖就是一个极好的例子，其中玉米植物作为实验模型。其他生物系统由于其关键的系统发育位置，或者确实由于其区别于所有其他生物体的独特性，以某种更温和的方式吸引了人们的认可。毫无疑问，在所有的生物体中，海绵是值得科学家们感兴趣的：它们同时是模型，是进化中的一个重要群体，也是不同于其他动物的动物。早在本世纪初，海绵就作为研究细胞识别现象的特殊模型出现了。免疫学工作一直致力于了解确保解离细胞重新聚集和功能个体重建的机制。今天，对这些现象的研究是在最终的分子水平上。根据所有可获得的证据，通过相似的特征，海绵动物是最原始的后生动物。它们的组织--也许可以说是它们的细胞群--是松散的组合（它们没有紧密连接或缝隙连接），细胞分化表现出高度的不稳定性，并且它们不发育任何真正的器官。但它们肯定是后生动物。
Modem biology owes much to the study of favorable model systems which fa cilitates the realization of critical experiments and results in the introduction of new concepts. Examples of such systems are numerous and studies of them are regularly recognized by the scientific community. The 1983 Nobel Prize in Med icine and Physiology is a magnificent example in which com plants served as the experimental model. In a manner somewhat more modest, other biological systems have attracted recognition due to their critical phylogenetic position, or indeed because of their uniqueness which distinguishes them from all other organisms. Assuredly, among the whole assemblage ofliving organisms, sponges stand out as worthy of interest by scientists: they are simultaneously models, an important group in evolution, and animals unlike others. As early as the beginning of this century, sponges appeared as exceptional models for the study of phenomena of cell recognition. Innumerable works have been dedicated to understanding the mechanisms which assure the reaggregation of dissociated cells and the reconstitution of a functional individual. Today, re search on these phenomena is at the ultimate, molecular level. Through an as semblage of characteristics the sponges are, based upon all available evidence, the most primitive Metazoans. Their tissues-perhaps one can say their cell groups-are loosely assembled (they possess no tight or gap junctions), cell dif ferentiation appears highly labile, and they do not develop any true organs. But, they are most certainly Metazoans.