Archaeal Diversity and Distribution along Thermal and Geochemical Gradients in Hydrothermal Sediments at the Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field in the Southern Okinawa Trough
Archaeal Diversity and Distribution along Thermal and Geochemical Gradients in Hydrothermal Sediments at the Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field in the Southern Okinawa Trough
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.00924-09
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Takai, Ken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nunoura, Takuro;Oida, Hanako;Takai, Ken
通过对深海热液环境中的微生物生境（如烟囱结构、沉积物、喷口排放物和化能合成大型动物）进行不依赖于文化的分子系统发育调查，已经确定了各种古菌谱系。除少数类群外，这些古菌大多数尚未被培养，其生理和代谢特征仍不清楚。在这项研究中，系统发育多样性和古细菌基因编码小亚基（SSU）rRNA，甲基辅酶A（CoA）还原酶亚基A，和氨单加氧酶大亚基的分布概况的特点是在水热影响的沉积物在与那国岛IV热液田南部冲绳海槽。在距离喷口排放物（90摄氏度）0.5、2或5米处收集沉积物芯。水平和垂直方向都有适度的温度梯度（5至69摄氏度），表明热液流体与周围沉积物孔隙水之间存在适度的混合。还原热液流体和冷环境沉积物孔隙水的混合建立了广泛的物理和化学条件的微生物栖息地进行了调查。在这些不同的物理-化学条件下，观察到古细菌的细菌类型组成的变异性。物理和化学参数和古细菌的种类组成之间的关系提供了重要的洞察未培养的古细菌谱系在深海热液喷口环境中的生态生理要求，提供线索近似的文化条件，用于在未来的培养工作。
A variety of archaeal lineages have been identified using culture-independent molecular phylogenetic surveys of microbial habitats occurring in deep-sea hydrothermal environments such as chimney structures, sediments, vent emissions, and chemosynthetic macrofauna. With the exception of a few taxa, most of these archaea have not yet been cultivated, and their physiological and metabolic traits remain unclear. In this study, phylogenetic diversity and distribution profiles of the archaeal genes encoding small subunit (SSU) rRNA, methyl coenzyme A (CoA) reductase subunit A, and the ammonia monooxygenase large subunit were characterized in hydrothermally influenced sediments at the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field in the Southern Okinawa Trough. Sediment cores were collected at distances of 0.5, 2, or 5 m from a vent emission (90 degrees C). A moderate temperature gradient extends both horizontally and vertically (5 to 69 degrees C), indicating the existence of moderate mixing between the hydrothermal fluid and the ambient sediment pore water. The mixing of reductive hot hydrothermal fluid and cold ambient sediment pore water establishes a wide spectrum of physical and chemical conditions in the microbial habitats that were investigated. Under these different physico-chemical conditions, variability in archaeal phylotype composition was observed. The relationship between the physical and chemical parameters and the archaeal phylotype composition provides important insight into the eco-physiological requirements of uncultivated archaeal lineages in deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments, giving clues for approximating culture conditions to be used in future culturing efforts.