Development of the intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the gut.
Development of the intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the gut.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.04.016
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
T. Uesaka;H. Young;V. Pachnis;H. Enomoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Uesaka;H. Young;V. Pachnis;H. Enomoto
胃肠（GI）道由肠内神经元和外源性传出神经和传入神经支配。肠道大部分区域的肠（内在）神经系统（ENS）由两个主要的神经节层组成;肌间神经节和粘膜下神经节，含有多种类型的肠神经元和神经胶质细胞。从ENS和从外部神经元产生的轴突支配肠壁的大多数层并调节许多肠功能。大多数ENS细胞来源于迷走神经嵴细胞（NCC），其增殖，定殖于整个肠道，并且首先填充肌间区域。迷走神经NCC在肠道定植后，外源性神经纤维到达胃肠道，雪旺细胞前体（SCP）沿着外源性神经进入肠道。此外，肌间神经节中的细胞亚群经历径向（向内）迁移以形成粘膜下神经丛，并发展粘膜区域的内在和外在神经支配。在这里，我们专注于最近的进展，了解肠道后发生的发展过程中，迷走神经ENS前体殖民化，并提供了一个最新的概述的分子机制，调节发展的内在和外在的神经支配的胃肠道。
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is innervated by intrinsic enteric neurons and by extrinsic efferent and afferent nerves. The enteric (intrinsic) nervous system (ENS) in most regions of the gut consists of two main ganglionated layers; myenteric and submucosal ganglia, containing numerous types of enteric neurons and glial cells. Axons arising from the ENS and from extrinsic neurons innervate most layers of the gut wall and regulate many gut functions. The majority of ENS cells are derived from vagal neural crest cells (NCCs), which proliferate, colonize the entire gut, and first populate the myenteric region. After gut colonization by vagal NCCs, the extrinsic nerve fibers reach the GI tract, and Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) enter the gut along the extrinsic nerves. Furthermore, a subpopulation of cells in myenteric ganglia undergoes a radial (inward) migration to form the submucosal plexus, and the intrinsic and extrinsic innervation to the mucosal region develops. Here, we focus on recent progress in understanding the developmental processes that occur after the gut is colonized by vagal ENS precursors, and provide an up-to-date overview of molecular mechanisms regulating the development of the intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the GI tract.