Global Patterns of Resistance to Bt Crops Highlighting Pink Bollworm in the United States, China, and India
Global Patterns of Resistance to Bt Crops Highlighting Pink Bollworm in the United States, China, and India
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DOI：
10.1093/jee/toz173
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Carriere, Yves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tabashnik, Bruce E.;Carriere, Yves
通过转基因技术从苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）中生产杀虫蛋白的作物具有先进的害虫控制能力，但害虫抗性的进化降低了它们的效益。本文回顾的全球监测数据揭示了19例对Bt作物的实际抗性，这是田间进化的抗性，降低了Bt作物的功效，并对害虫防治产生了实际影响。每个案例代表一个国家的一种害虫对一种Bt毒素的反应。在世界三个主要产棉国中，红铃虫（Pectinophora gossypiella）和Bt棉花的结果截然不同。在美国西南部，1996年至2005年，农民通过种植非Bt棉花庇护所推迟了抗性，然后合作开展了一项计划，使用Bt棉花，大规模释放不育蛾和其他策略来根除该地区的这种害虫。在中国，农民通过种植Bt和非Bt棉花杂交的第二代杂交种子，扭转了红铃虫对Bt棉花的低水平抗性。这种方法产生了25%的非Bt棉花植物随机散布在Bt棉花田间的庇护所。农民们在不知情的情况下自愿采取了这种策略，不是为了控制抗药性，而是显然因为它可以带来短期的农艺和经济效益。在印度，非Bt棉花避难所一直稀缺，而红铃虫对产生Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab毒素的Bt棉的抗性很普遍，因此，强调缩短棉花种植季节、销毁作物残留物和其他策略的综合害虫管理现在至关重要。
Crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have advanced pest control, but their benefits have been reduced by evolution of resistance in pests. The global monitoring data reviewed here reveal 19 cases of practical resistance to Bt crops, which is field-evolved resistance that reduces Bt crop efficacy and has practical consequences for pest control. Each case represents the responses of one pest species in one country to one Bt toxin. The results with pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) and Bt cotton differ strikingly among the world's three leading cotton-producing nations. In the southwestern United States, farmers delayed resistance by planting non-Bt cotton refuges from 1996 to 2005, then cooperated in a program that used Bt cotton, mass releases of sterile moths, and other tactics to eradicate this pest from the region. In China, farmers reversed low levels of pink bollworm resistance to Bt cotton by planting second-generation hybrid seeds from crosses between Bt and non-Bt cotton. This approach yields a refuge of 25% non-Bt cotton plants randomly interspersed within fields of Bt cotton. Farmers adopted this tactic voluntarily and unknowingly, not to manage resistance, but apparently because of its perceived short-term agronomic and economic benefits. In India, where non-Bt cotton refuges have been scarce and pink bollworm resistance to pyramided Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab toxins is widespread, integrated pest management emphasizing shortening of the cotton season, destruction of crop residues, and other tactics is now essential.