The beer industry
The beer industry
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啤酒行业
DOI：
10.1016/0007-6813(67)90075-4
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发表时间：
1967
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Horowitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ann R. Horowitz;I. Horowitz
第一次世界大战、流浪汉、大萧条和禁酒令。后者无疑是对我们集体意志的最严峻考验，因为酿造和饮用啤酒是一种古老的艺术，除了1920年至1933年那段令人无法忍受的时期外，三个多世纪以来，它帮助我们享受了我们伟大的美国遗产。人们仍然怀疑，即使在那时，消费者也偶尔会品尝到这种令人愉悦的饮料；然而，自禁酒令时代以来，酿酒行业陷入了困境。今天，它确实是一个正在发酵的行业。1934年在美国国税局注册的756家啤酒厂到1965年底减少到197家。这种下降背后并不神秘；这可以解释为国家酿酒商和不断增加的大型和不断扩张的地区性酿酒商对规模较小和效率较低的公司施加的激烈竞争压力。这些压力与不断上涨的成本相一致，而且无论出于何种意图和目的，啤酒的总需求都是相当固定的。在这一过程中，密切交织在一起的是大规模的合并运动，这既是因果关系，也是帮助塑造该行业新兴结构的因素。
War I, the flapper, the Great Depression, and Prohibition. The latter was undoubtedly the severest test of our collective will, for brewing and consuming beer is a venerable art that, with the exception of that intolerable period from 1920 to 1933, for over three centuries has helped us to enjoy our great American heritage. The suspicion persists that even then an occasional stein of this delightful beverage reached the consuming public; still, since Prohibition days, the brewing industry has fallen on hard times. Today it is truly an industry in ferment. The 756 breweries registered with the Internal Revenue Service in 1934 were reduced to 197 by the end of1965. There is no mystery behind this decline; it can be explained by the intensive competitive pressures exerted by both the national brewers and the ever-increasing numbers of large and expanding regional brewers on the smaller and less efficient firms. These pressures have worked in concert with rising costs and what for all intents and purposes has been fairly fixed total demand for beer. Intimately interwoven in the process, acting as both cause and effect, has been the substantial merger movement that is helping to shape the emerging structure of the industry.