Evidence for the Introduction, Reassortment, and Persistence of Diverse Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica.
Evidence for the Introduction, Reassortment, and Persistence of Diverse Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica.
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.01404-16
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Gonzalez-Acuna D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hurt AC;Su YCF;Aban M;Peck H;Lau H;Baas C;Deng YM;Spirason N;Ellström P;Hernandez J;Olsen B;Barr IG;Vijaykrishna D;Gonzalez-Acuna D
2013年南极洲的禽流感病毒（AIV）监测显示，阿德利企鹅中流行着进化上不同的H11N2亚型流感病毒。在这里，我们介绍了2014年和2015年期间在南极半岛持续监测AIV的结果。除了在2014年期间继续在雪鞘鸟中检测到H11亚型病毒外，我们还在2015年期间从帽带企鹅中分离出一种新型H5N5亚型病毒。基因测序和系统发育分析显示，2014年检测到的H11病毒与2013年分离的H11N2病毒的核苷酸相似性>99.1%，表明该病毒多年来在南极洲持续流行。然而，H5N5病毒的系统发育分析表明，基因组片段是最近引入该大陆的，除了NP基因，它与地方性H11N2病毒相似。我们的分析表明，H5N5病毒基因的地理来源不同，其大部分基因组片段来自北美谱系病毒，但神经氨酸酶基因来自欧亚谱系病毒。总之，我们展示了AIV谱系在南极洲多年来的持续存在，最近从不同地区引入的基因片段，以及南极洲不同AIV谱系之间的重配，这些都显着增加了我们对AIV生态在这个脆弱和原始环境中的理解。对在南极洲检测到的禽流感病毒（AIV）的分析表明，H5N5 AIV（主要是类似北美的起源）是最近引入的，而进化上不同的H11 AIV也持续存在。这些数据表明，来自北美的病毒流可能比最初想象的更为常见，一旦传入，这些AIV有可能在南极洲内维持。鉴于高致病性H5Nx病毒最近通过候鸟从欧亚大陆传播，在加拿大和美国部分地区的野鸟中传播，因此，今后从北美传入南极半岛的AIV特别令人关切。在南极洲的企鹅群中引入高致病性流感病毒可能会造成毁灭性后果。
Avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance in Antarctica during 2013 revealed the prevalence of evolutionarily distinct influenza viruses of the H11N2 subtype in Adélie penguins. Here we present results from the continued surveillance of AIV on the Antarctic Peninsula during 2014 and 2015. In addition to the continued detection of H11 subtype viruses in a snowy sheathbill during 2014, we isolated a novel H5N5 subtype virus from a chinstrap penguin during 2015. Gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H11 virus detected in 2014 had a >99.1% nucleotide similarity to the H11N2 viruses isolated in 2013, suggesting the continued prevalence of this virus in Antarctica over multiple years. However, phylogenetic analysis of the H5N5 virus showed that the genome segments were recently introduced to the continent, except for the NP gene, which was similar to that in the endemic H11N2 viruses. Our analysis indicates geographically diverse origins for the H5N5 virus genes, with the majority of its genome segments derived from North American lineage viruses but the neuraminidase gene derived from a Eurasian lineage virus. In summary, we show the persistence of AIV lineages in Antarctica over multiple years, the recent introduction of gene segments from diverse regions, and reassortment between different AIV lineages in Antarctica, which together significantly increase our understanding of AIV ecology in this fragile and pristine environment. IMPORTANCE Analysis of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) detected in Antarctica reveals both the relatively recent introduction of an H5N5 AIV, predominantly of North American-like origin, and the persistence of an evolutionarily divergent H11 AIV. These data demonstrate that the flow of viruses from North America may be more common than initially thought and that, once introduced, these AIVs have the potential to be maintained within Antarctica. The future introduction of AIVs from North America into the Antarctic Peninsula is of particular concern given that highly pathogenic H5Nx viruses have recently been circulating among wild birds in parts of Canada and the Unites States following the movement of these viruses from Eurasia via migratory birds. The introduction of a highly pathogenic influenza virus in penguin colonies within Antarctica might have devastating consequences.