Free-Living Sleep, Food Intake, and Physical Activity in Night and Morning Shift Workers
Free-Living Sleep, Food Intake, and Physical Activity in Night and Morning Shift Workers
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DOI：
10.1080/07315724.2019.1691954
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发表时间：
2019-11-16
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Shechter, Ari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lauren, Shaza;Chen, Yichi;Shechter, Ari
目的：轮班工作与心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病、癌症和肥胖等不良健康结果的风险相关。睡眠时间短加上昼夜节律系统的破坏可能会改变与能量摄入和消耗的行为调节有关的因素。我们的目的是确定轮班工作如何影响睡眠、食物摄入和身体活动。方法：这是一项基于现场的观察性研究，使用对轮班工人的睡眠和体力活动以及 24 小时饮食回忆进行客观评估。白天（n = 12）和夜间（n = 12）女性医院轮班工作人员（护士和技术人员）通过加速度测量法跟踪她们的自由生活睡眠和体力活动，并在一系列轮班期间完成计算机辅助的 24 小时食物召回。结果：与日班工人相比，夜班工人的睡眠时间明显较短，早醒率更高，醒来时感觉更不精神。每日自我报告的能量和常量营养素摄入量在各组之间没有差异，尽管夜班工人报告的每日总进食时间窗口明显长于日班工人。客观记录的体力活动水平在各组之间没有差异。结论：目前的研究结果证实，女性夜间工作者的睡眠受到干扰，而对客观记录的体力活动和自我报告的食物摄入量的影响相对较小。我们还观察到夜间工作人员与白天工作人员相比每日进食时间更长。这些观察结果有助于设计新颖的行为干预措施，包括可能的时间限制喂养方法（例如，将每日进食次数限制在 10-12 小时内），以优化轮班工人的体重管理。
Objective: Shift work is associated with risk for adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Short sleep duration combined with disruptions to the circadian system may alter factors involved with the behavioral regulation of energy intake and expenditure. We aimed to determine how shift work affects sleep, food intake, and physical activity. Methods: This was a field-based observational study using objective assessments of sleep and physical activity and a 24-hour dietary recall in shift workers. Day (n = 12) and night (n = 12) hospital shift workers (nurses and technicians) who were women had their free-living sleep and physical activity tracked via accelerometry, and completed a computer-assisted 24-hour food recall, during a series of work shifts. Results: Compared to day workers, night workers had significantly shorter sleep duration and reported more premature awakenings and feeling less refreshed upon awakening. Daily self-reported energy and macronutrient intakes were not different between groups, although the night shift workers reported a significantly longer total daily eating duration window than day workers. Objectively recorded physical activity levels were not different between groups. Conclusions: The present findings confirm that sleep is disturbed in women night workers, while there are relatively less effects on objectively recorded physical activity and self-reported food intake. We also observed a prolonged daily eating duration in night vs. day workers. These observations can help inform the design of novel behavioral interventions, including, potentially, time restricted feeding approaches (e.g., by limiting daily eating episodes to within a 10-12 h window), to optimize weight management in shift workers.