Optimizing hatchery practices for genetic improvement of marine bivalves
Optimizing hatchery practices for genetic improvement of marine bivalves
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DOI：
10.1111/raq.12568
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Jennifer C. Nascimento‐Schulze;T. Bean;R. Houston;E. Santos;M. Sanders;C. Lewis;R. Ellis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jennifer C. Nascimento‐Schulze;T. Bean;R. Houston;E. Santos;M. Sanders;C. Lewis;R. Ellis
水产养殖目前约占所有海产品产量的一半，是全球增长最快的养殖食品部门。海洋双壳类水产养殖，即养殖牡蛎、贻贝和贻贝，是该行业的一个高度可持续的组成部分，并具有通过提高EFfi效率和生产系统数量进行全球扩张的重大潜力。在孵化场和选择性繁殖中繁殖(即定居幼体)ArtifiSocial Spat有可能为软体动物水产养殖业提供快速和广泛的收益。然而，双壳类具有独特的生活史、遗传和基因组特征，这对实现这种遗传改良提出了巨大的挑战。野生双壳类幼虫和幼体所经历的选择压力有助于驱动种群结构和动物的fi。同样，驯化选择很可能作用于孵化场产生的口角，其全部影响尚未得到充分探索。在这篇综述中，我们概述了这些分类群的主要特征和应用于双壳类水产养殖的生产实践，它们可能会影响孵化场繁殖种群的遗传和表型变异性。此外，我们还比较了双壳类经历的人工和自然过程，以研究孵化场繁殖对种群生产的可能影响。此外，我们确定了需要优先考虑的关键研究领域，以继续通过选择性育种促进双壳类动物的遗传改良。下一代测序技术的日益普及和强大的计算能力促进了在水生物种繁育方案中采用新的基因组工具。这些新兴技术为可持续扩大双壳类水产养殖部门提供了一个令人兴奋的机会。
Aquaculture currently accounts for approximately half of all seafood produced and is the fastest growing farmed food sector globally. Marine bivalve aquaculture, the farming of oysters, mussels and clams, represents a highly sustainable component of this industry and has major potential for global expansion via increased efficiency, and numbers of, production systems. Artificial spat propagation (i.e. settled juveniles) in hatcheries and selective breeding have the potential to offer rapid and widespread gains for molluscan aquaculture industry. However, bivalves have unique life-histories, genetic and genomic characteristics, which present significant challenges to achieving such genetic improvement. Selection pressures experienced by bivalve larvae and spat in the wild contribute to drive population structure and animal fitness. Similarly, domestication selection is likely to act on hatchery-produced spat, the full implications of which have not been fully explored. In this review, we outline the key features of these taxa and production practices applied in bivalve aquaculture, which have the potential to affect the genetic and phenotypic variability of hatchery-propagated stock. Along-side, we compare artificial and natural processes experienced by bivalves to inves-tigate the possible consequences of hatchery propagation on stock production. In addition, we identify key areas of investigation that need to be prioritized to con-tinue to the advancement of bivalve genetic improvement via selective breeding. The growing accessibility of next-generation sequencing technology and high-powered computational capabilities facilitate the implementation of novel genomic tools in breeding programmes of aquatic species. These emerging techniques represent an exciting opportunity for sustainably expanding the bivalve aquaculture sector.