Advances and opportunities in materials science for scalable quantum computing
Advances and opportunities in materials science for scalable quantum computing
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可扩展量子计算的材料科学进展和机遇
DOI：
10.1557/s43577-021-00133-0
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发表时间：
2021-07-14
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Nichol, John M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lordi, Vincenzo;Nichol, John M.
通过利用独特的量子力学现象，如叠加和纠缠，量子计算机提供了在某些类别的问题上大幅超越经典计算机的可能性。然而，这种潜力的实现是一个巨大的挑战，因为与制造设备所用材料相关的噪声和缺陷可能会掩盖使量子计算成为可能的微妙量子力学效应。因此，近年来，量子计算材料的合成、表征和建模方面的进展推动了许多令人振奋的进步，并将在未来几年变得越来越重要。随着越来越复杂的多量子比特系统的上线，以及政府和工业的重大投资推动研究向前发展，材料科学的新挑战和新机遇不断出现。本期文章概述了材料科学的现状、进展以及一些领先的量子计算平台面临的障碍；材料科学家更深入参与的机会比比皆是。最终实现量子计算机的全部潜力将需要跨越许多传统专业领域的多学科努力。
By harnessing unique quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, quantum computers offer the possibility to drastically outperform classical computers for certain classes of problems. The realization of this potential, however, presents a substantial challenge, because noise and imperfections associated with the materials used to fabricate devices can obscure the delicate quantum mechanical effects that enable quantum computing. Hence, progress in synthesis, characterization, and modeling of materials for quantum computing have driven many exciting advances in recent years and will become increasingly important in the years to come. As progressively more complex, multi-qubit systems come online, and as significant government and industrial investment drives research forward, new challenges and opportunities for materials science continue to emerge. The articles in this issue survey the current state of materials science progress and obstacles for some leading quantum computing platforms; opportunities for deeper involvement by materials scientists abound. Ultimate realization of the full potential of quantum computers will require a multidisciplinary effort spanning many traditional areas of expertise.