Impairments of manual tracking performance during spaceflight are associated with specific effects of microgravity on visuomotor transformations
Impairments of manual tracking performance during spaceflight are associated with specific effects of microgravity on visuomotor transformations
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DOI：
10.1080/0014013031000107559
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发表时间：
2003-07-15
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Sangals, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heuer, H;Manzey, D;Sangals, J
与认知任务中的表现相反，跟踪性能在航天飞行期间往往会相当一致地恶化。我们解决的问题是，这种递减的结果是否从特定的微重力对运动控制的影响，或从非特定的影响，目前的各种其他压力。在一个案例研究中，我们概括了目标运动，由同一宇航员与相同的效应器用于不稳定的跟踪任务，以获得假设的具体变化的参数的一个简单的模型，用于分析跟踪性能的结果。与这些假设相一致，我们观察到飞行中肢体刚度的减少，但飞行后跟踪增益的减少。所观察到的变化的跨任务一致性强烈表明，跟踪障碍至少部分是由微重力对运动控制的特定影响引起的，特别是肌肉力量的错误校准，这可能是由于失重导致的对质量的低估。
In contrast to performance in cognitive tasks, tracking performance tends to deteriorate fairly consistently during spaceflight. We address the question whether this decrement results from specific effects of microgravity on motor control or from non-specific effects of the various other stressors present. In a case study we generalize the findings obtained with aiming movements, performed by the same cosmonaut with the same effectors as used for an unstable tracking task, to obtain hypotheses for specific changes of parameters of a simple model used to analyse tracking performance. Consistent with these hypotheses, we observed a reduction of limb stiffness in-flight, but a reduction of the tracking gain post-flight. The cross-task consistency of the observed changes does strongly suggest that the tracking impairment is at least partly caused by specific effects of microgravity on motor control, in particular by a mis-calibration of muscular forces which likely results from an underestimation of masses due to weightlessness.