Soil multifunctionality and drought resistance are determined by plant structural traits in restoring grassland.
Soil multifunctionality and drought resistance are determined by plant structural traits in restoring grassland.
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DOI：
10.1002/ecy.2437
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发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Bardgett RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fry EL;Savage J;Hall AL;Oakley S;Pritchard WJ;Ostle NJ;Pywell RF;Bullock JM;Bardgett RD
人们越来越认识到，地下对植被变化的反应与植物的功能特性密切相关。然而，关于不同植物性状对土壤功能的相对重要性以及现实世界中性状影响土壤性质的机制，我们的理解有限。在这里，我们测试了一个假设，即较高的物种，或那些具有复杂的根系结构的物种，与草原上高速率的养分和碳(C)循环有关。我们进一步假设，由根部较深的物种主导的群落可能对干旱更具弹性。这些假设在英格兰南部退化的耕地上进行了为期3年的草原恢复试验。我们将三个基于特性的植物功能群播种到裸土中，这些功能群使用数据库中的植物特性值进行组装，以及它们的组合。这形成了一系列植物性状综合征，在最初建立后两年，我们将模拟干旱叠加在这些症状上。我们发现强有力的证据表明，植物高度的群落加权平均值(CWM)与土壤氮素循环和有效性以及土壤多功能呈负相关。我们认为这是由于一种在浅层白垩土中不适当的开拓性资源捕获策略所致。此外，根构型的复杂性与整个季节土壤的多功能性呈正相关，细长的须根与较高的养分循环速率有关。土壤生态系统呼吸、矿化和硝化作用等功能的抗旱性与根系深度的功能差异呈正相关，表明在浅层白垩土中，一系列的水分捕获策略是维持功能所必需的。最后，经过3年的试验，我们没有检测到植物性状与微生物群落之间的任何联系，这支持了基于植物结构和资源取食能力的性状是草原退耕初期驱动土壤功能的主要变量的发现。我们建议，根据根构型和植物高度筛选最近恢复的草地群落潜在的土壤多功能和抗旱性是可能的。这些结果表明，基于植物特性的植物群落的知情组合有助于退化土壤中功能的恢复。
It is increasingly recognized that belowground responses to vegetation change are closely linked to plant functional traits. However, our understanding is limited concerning the relative importance of different plant traits for soil functions and of the mechanisms by which traits influence soil properties in the real world. Here we test the hypothesis that taller species, or those with complex rooting structures, are associated with high rates of nutrient and carbon (C) cycling in grassland. We further hypothesized that communities dominated by species with deeper roots may be more resilient to drought. These hypotheses were tested in a 3‐yr grassland restoration experiment on degraded ex‐arable land in southern England. We sowed three trait‐based plant functional groups, assembled using database derived values of plant traits, and their combinations into bare soil. This formed a range of plant trait syndromes onto which we superimposed a simulated drought 2 yr after initial establishment. We found strong evidence that community weighted mean (CWM) of plant height is negatively associated with soil nitrogen cycling and availability and soil multifunctionality. We propose that this was due to an exploitative resource capture strategy that was inappropriate in shallow chalk soils. Further, complexity of root architecture was positively related to soil multifunctionality throughout the season, with fine fibrous roots being associated with greater rates of nutrient cycling. Drought resistance of soil functions including ecosystem respiration, mineralization, and nitrification were positively related to functional divergence of rooting depth, indicating that, in shallow chalk soils, a range of water capture strategies is necessary to maintain functions. Finally, after 3 yr of the experiment, we did not detect any links between the plant traits and microbial communities, supporting the finding that traits based on plant structure and resource foraging capacity are the main variables driving soil function in the early years of grassland conversion. We suggest that screening recently restored grassland communities for potential soil multifunctionality and drought resilience may be possible based on rooting architecture and plant height. These results indicate that informed assembly of plant communities based on plant traits could aid in the restoration of functioning in degraded soil.
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影响因子：
5.5
作者：
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