Sediment transport due to the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami at Sendai: Results from numerical modeling
Sediment transport due to the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami at Sendai: Results from numerical modeling
复制标题
2011 年仙台东北冲海啸造成的泥沙输送：数值模拟结果
DOI：
10.1016/j.margeo.2014.05.005
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
F. Imamura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Sugawara;Tomoyuki Takahashi;F. Imamura
对2011年东北东北仙台平原由东北海啸造成的沉积物输运进行了数值模拟，以调查海啸沉积物中为什么含有少量海洋物质，并解释了可识别的沙层的最大内陆范围与淹没界限之间的差距。模拟结果与前人在野外观测到的沉积物厚度基本一致。模拟表明，海啸对海滩和沿海森林造成了大量侵蚀，但对近海海底的侵蚀明显有限。此外，近海最高海啸波的涌浪限制了悬浮泥沙的数量，因为岸面的水深剖面很陡峭，而且在涌浪到达之前，水位的初始下降幅度不大。这导致了沉积物的有限悬浮和向岸边平流，海底沉积物对岸上海啸沉积的贡献很小。对近岸泥沙输运的可视化研究表明，人工地形地貌对泥沙输运有显著影响。水流速度和高度在地形高度上有所不同，沉积物被困在这些地形高度朝海的一侧。在沿海地区，由于海岸工程堤坝的存在，沉积物供应有限。在内陆地区，铺装道路的路堤导致路堤朝海一侧的淤积增加，而背风侧的淤积较少。尽管相关物理学的某些方面没有在模型中完全实现，其中存在不确定性，但结果可能解释海啸事件造成的沉积过程和后果。
Numerical modeling of sediment transport on the Sendai Plain in northeast Japan, which was caused by the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami, was performed to investigate why onshore tsunami deposits included small amounts of marine materials and to explain the gap between the maximum inland extent of the recognizable sand layer and the limit of inundation. The simulation results generally corresponded with the thicknesses of the deposits observed in the field by previous studies. The simulation revealed that the tsunami caused a significant amount of erosion on the beach and in the coastal forest; however, erosion was significantly limited on the offshore seafloor. In addition, the bore of the highest tsunami wave offshore limited the amount of suspended sediment due to a steep bathymetric profile of the shoreface and a moderate initial drop in water level prior to the arrival of the bore. This resulted in limited suspension and shoreward advection of the sediments and a minor contribution of the seafloor sediments to the onshore tsunami deposit. Visualization of the onshore sediment transport indicated that the sediment transport was significantly affected by artificial topographic features. The flow speed and height varied across the topographic highs, and sediments were trapped on the seaward side of these highs. In coastal areas, the sediment supply was limited due to the presence of engineered dikes along the coast. In inland areas, embankments of paved roadways caused increased deposition on the seaward sides of the embankments and less deposition on the leeward sides of the embankments. Although some aspects of the relevant physics were not fully implemented in the model, in which uncertainties exist, the results may explain the processes and consequences of sedimentation from a tsunami event.
2011年东北大地震海啸：仙台平原869常岩海啸的异同
影响因子：
2
作者：
Sugawara;D.;Imamura;F.;Goto;K.;Matsumoto;H.;Minoura;K.
通讯作者：
K.
2011年东北冲海啸仙台湾沿岸沉积物的空间厚度变化
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Goto;K.;Hashimoto;K.;Sugawara D.;Yanagisawa;H.;Abe;T.
通讯作者：
T.
2011年东北太平洋沿岸地震灾害调查报告
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
T.Murakkami;E.Kasai;上野勝久
通讯作者：
上野勝久