Statistical modelling of gaze behaviour as categorical time series: what you should watch to save soccer penalties
Statistical modelling of gaze behaviour as categorical time series: what you should watch to save soccer penalties
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DOI：
10.1007/s10339-010-0384-6
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Davids, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Button, C.;Dicks, M.;Davids, K.
以前关于运动中凝视行为的研究通常报告了概要的凝视统计数据，因此在很大程度上忽略了凝视的时间序列。在足球中点球的研究中，我们的目的是将马尔科夫链建模方法应用于从守门员那里获得的眼动数据。建立在Dicks等人对凝视的离散分析基础上。(在《感知心理物理学》72(3)：706-720,2010b)，我们想要对守门员在整个罚球过程中凝视不同位置的相对概率进行统计建模(Dicks等人)。见《感知心理物理学》72(3)：706-720,2010b)。考察了在现场和视频模拟任务限制下的凝视行为，揭示了知觉和行动的信息提取的差异(注意，知觉和心理物理学72(3)，706-720)。在模拟的运动反应条件下，罚球手注视解剖位置的概率很高。相比之下，当实际需要拦截踢球时，守门员最初倾向于观看点球手的头部，但随后在脚球接触之前的大约最后一秒，他们迅速将注意力直接转移到球上。与基于实验室的模拟行动相比，对现场拦截行动的时空需求增加，导致使用不同的视觉搜索策略。当眼动数据被建模为时间序列时，就有可能辨别出微妙但重要的行为特征，而这些特征仅用离散的汇总统计数据就不那么明显了。
Previous research on gaze behaviour in sport has typically reported summary fixation statistics thereby largely ignoring the temporal sequencing of gaze. In the present study on penalty kicking in soccer, our aim was to apply a Markov chain modelling method to eye movement data obtained from goalkeepers. Building on the discrete analysis of gaze employed by Dicks et al. (Atten Percept Psychophys 72(3):706-720, 2010b), we wanted to statistically model the relative probabilities of the goalkeeper's gaze being directed to different locations throughout the penalty taker's approach (Dicks et al. in Atten Percept Psychophys 72(3):706-720, 2010b). Examination of gaze behaviours under in situ and video-simulation task constraints reveals differences in information pickup for perception and action (Attention, Perception and Psychophysics 72(3), 706-720). The probabilities of fixating anatomical locations of the penalty taker were high under simulated movement response conditions. In contrast, when actually required to intercept kicks, the goalkeepers initially favoured watching the penalty taker's head but then rapidly shifted focus directly to the ball for approximately the final second prior to foot-ball contact. The increased spatio-temporal demands of in situ interceptive actions over laboratory-based simulated actions lead to different visual search strategies being used. When eye movement data are modelled as time series, it is possible to discern subtle but important behavioural characteristics that are less apparent with discrete summary statistics alone.