Studies in the Theory of Descent
Studies in the Theory of Descent
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血统理论研究
作者：
A. Wallace
这部著作的第一部分是关于蝴蝶季节性二型现象的研究，这一部分是在一年多以前才被注意到的（《自然》，第二十二卷）。第141页）。我们现在有第二批更大的批量，包括两个单独的文章。在第一个和最重要的这些博士魏斯曼给我们的结果详细研究的变化标记的毛虫在其生长和发展的过程中，并进入了很大的长度到各种问题所观察到的现象所产生的。他接受这样一种学说，即个体的个体发生或发展给了我们一个或多或少准确的种族发生或发展过程的概念，他努力通过幼虫的形状和颜色的连续变化来确定天蛾属的各个属的祖先形式，并取得了一些成功。他在这里所确定的主要事实是，所有的幼虫都是由一种统一的色彩产生的，第一个标记是纵向的线条，当它们存在时，斜线总是出现在后面，而环形或单眼斑点最后出现。在某些种类中，颜色也会发生很大的变化，但所有更重要的变化，无论是颜色还是标记，都是在幼虫获得相当大的尺寸之后才发生的。从这一分支研究中的全部事实集合中，他推导出以下三个发展规律：
THE first part of this work, devoted to an examination of the phenomena of seasonal dimorphism in butterflies, was noticed a little more than a year ago (NATURE, vol. xxii. p. 141). We now have a second instalment of much greater bulk, comprising two separate essays. In the first and most important of these Dr. Weismann gives us the results of a detailed study of the changes in the markings of the caterpillars of the Sphingidæ during the course of their growth and development, and enters at great length into the various questions to which the phenomena observed give rise. Accepting the doctrine that theontogenyor development of the individual gives us a more or less accurate notion of thephylogenyor course of development of the race, he endeavours with some success to determine the ancestral forms of the various genera of the Sphingidæ by means of the successive changes of form and coloration of the larvæ. The main facts which he has here established are, that all the larvæ are born of a uniform tint—that the first markings are longitudinal lines—that the oblique lines when they exist always appear later, and the ringed or ocellated spots last of all. Great changes of colour also occur in some species, but all the more important changes, whether of colour or marking, only take place after the larvæ have acquired a considerable size. From the whole assemblage of facts in this branch of the inquiry he deduces the following three laws of development:—