A comparison of proteomic, genomic, and osteological methods of archaeological sex estimation
A comparison of proteomic, genomic, and osteological methods of archaeological sex estimation
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-68550-w
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发表时间：
2020-07-17
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Parker, Glendon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buonasera, Tammy;Eerkens, Jelmer;Parker, Glendon
骨骼的性别估计是许多考古学研究的基础。目前，有三种方法可用于评估性别-骨学、基因组学或蛋白质组学，但对这些方法在应用环境中的相对可靠性知之甚少。我们提供了匹配的骨学、鸟枪基因组和蛋白质组数据来估计55个个体的性别，每个个体的独立放射性碳测年在2,440到100卡BP之间，来自加利福尼亚州中部的两个祖先Ohlone遗址。使用蛋白质组学，91%使用基因组学，51%使用骨学，100%的埋葬样本可以进行性别评估。两种方法之间的一致性很高，但确实发生了冲突。当DNA读数超过100,000个总序列时，基因组性别估计与蛋白质组和骨学估计100%一致。然而，超过一半的样本的DNA读数低于这个阈值，这导致了与骨学和蛋白质组数据的高冲突率，在这些数据中，20个条件DNA性别估计中有9个与蛋白质组学相冲突。虽然DNA信号在较老的埋葬样本中下降了一个数量级，但蛋白质组信号没有下降。我们得出结论，蛋白质组学为骨学和鸟枪基因组性别评估提供了重要的补充。
Sex estimation of skeletons is fundamental to many archaeological studies. Currently, three approaches are available to estimate sex-osteology, genomics, or proteomics, but little is known about the relative reliability of these methods in applied settings. We present matching osteological, shotgun-genomic, and proteomic data to estimate the sex of 55 individuals, each with an independent radiocarbon date between 2,440 and 100 cal BP, from two ancestral Ohlone sites in Central California. Sex estimation was possible in 100% of this burial sample using proteomics, in 91% using genomics, and in 51% using osteology. Agreement between the methods was high, however conflicts did occur. Genomic sex estimates were 100% consistent with proteomic and osteological estimates when DNA reads were above 100,000 total sequences. However, more than half the samples had DNA read numbers below this threshold, producing high rates of conflict with osteological and proteomic data where nine out of twenty conditional DNA sex estimates conflicted with proteomics. While the DNA signal decreased by an order of magnitude in the older burial samples, there was no decrease in proteomic signal. We conclude that proteomics provides an important complement to osteological and shotgun-genomic sex estimation.