Mapping evaporative water loss in desert passerines reveals an expanding threat of lethal dehydration
Mapping evaporative water loss in desert passerines reveals an expanding threat of lethal dehydration
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1613625114
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发表时间：
2017-02-28
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Wolf, Blair O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Albright, Thomas P.;Mutiibwa, Denis;Wolf, Blair O.
极端高的环境温度对野生动物产生各种后果，包括大规模死亡。热浪的频率、强度和范围都在增加，预计在气候变化的情况下还会进一步增加。然而，死亡风险的空间和时间动态知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了热浪对蒸发失水（EWL）和生存在美国西南部的五个沙漠雀形目鸟类的生理数据，机械信息模型，和每小时的地理空间温度数据相结合的影响。我们询问EWL的速率如何随不同物种的温度而变化;如何频繁，在什么地区，以及如何快速致命脱水发生; EWL和死亡风险如何随体重变化;以及死亡风险如何受到气候变暖的影响。我们发现，体型较小的雀形目是受到更高的利率的质量特定的EWL比体型较大的同行，从而遇到潜在的致命条件更频繁，在较短的日常间隔，并在较大的地理区域。升温4摄氏度大大扩大了脱水风险的范围，频率和强度，并为大型雀形目鸟类带来了新的威胁，特别是那些地理范围有限的鸟类。我们的模型显示，气温升高和热浪发生将可能对干旱区鸟类的水平衡、日常活动和地理分布产生重要影响。长期影响和与其他环境变化的相互作用可能加剧影响。这项工作强调了高温急性风险的重要性，特别是对小型物种，并建议保护热避难所和水源。
Extreme high environmental temperatures produce a variety of consequences for wildlife, including mass die-offs. Heat waves are increasing in frequency, intensity, and extent, and are projected to increase further under climate change. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of die-off risk are poorly understood. Here, we examine the effects of heat waves on evaporative water loss (EWL) and survival in five desert passerine birds across the southwestern United States using a combination of physiological data, mechanistically informed models, and hourly geospatial temperature data. We ask how rates of EWL vary with temperature across species; how frequently, over what areas, and how rapidly lethal dehydration occurs; how EWL and die-off risk vary with body mass; and how die-off risk is affected by climate warming. We find that smaller-bodied passerines are subject to higher rates of mass-specific EWL than larger-bodied counterparts and thus encounter potentially lethal conditions much more frequently, over shorter daily intervals, and over larger geographic areas. Warming by 4 degrees C greatly expands the extent, frequency, and intensity of dehydration risk, and introduces new threats for larger passerine birds, particularly those with limited geographic ranges. Our models reveal that increasing air temperatures and heat wave occurrence will potentially have important impacts on the water balance, daily activity, and geographic distribution of arid-zone birds. Impacts may be exacerbated by chronic effects and interactions with other environmental changes. This work underscores the importance of acute risks of high temperatures, particularly for small-bodied species, and suggests conservation of thermal refugia and water sources.