Early Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Preschool Cool/Hot Inhibitory Control, and Young Adolescents' Externalizing/Internalizing Problems
Early Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Preschool Cool/Hot Inhibitory Control, and Young Adolescents' Externalizing/Internalizing Problems
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DOI：
10.1037/fam0000739
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Zhou, Nan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cao, Hongjian;Liang, Yue;Zhou, Nan
目前缺乏跨多个发育阶段的研究来描述早期烟草烟雾暴露对后期行为适应的深远影响，并阐明潜在的心理机制。利用NICHD SECCYD数据，我们进行了过程模型分析，以解决这一差距。结果表明，早期烟草烟雾暴露不仅与学前冷热抑制控制负相关，而且与青春期早期外化和内化问题正相关。此外，早期暴露还通过与学前冷抑制控制负相关而与青春期早期的外化问题呈正相关。幼儿期的行为问题也是早期暴露对青春期早期行为问题影响的一种机制。与未暴露的儿童相比，产前和产后暴露的儿童往往具有较低的冷热抑制控制，而仅产前暴露的儿童则表现出较低的热抑制控制。无论暴露在产前和产后，还是仅限于产前阶段，暴露的儿童在幼儿期表现出更多的行为问题，这反过来又预示着青春期早期更多的行为问题。所有的关联都是在考虑了广泛的潜在混杂因素后出现的，并且在儿童性别之间没有变化。综上所述，早期接触烟草烟雾可能会导致自我调节缺陷和早发行为问题，从而提高后期精神病理的风险。在孕期和婴儿期建立一个无烟环境，通过促进青少年早期的适应，可能会产生长期效益。
There is a dearth of research spanning multiple developmental stages to delineate the far-reaching implications of early tobacco smoke exposure for later behavior adaptation and also elucidate the underlying psychological mechanisms. Using NICHD SECCYD data, we conducted process model analyses to address this gap. Results indicated that early tobacco smoke exposure was not only negatively associated with preschool cool and hot inhibitory control, but also positively related to externalizing and internalizing problems in early adolescence. Further, early exposure was also positively associated with externalizing problems in early adolescence via a negative link with preschool cool inhibitory control. Behavior problems in toddlerhood also served as one mechanism underlying the implications of early exposure for behavior problems in early adolescence. As compared to nonexposed children, children with both prenatal and postnatal exposure tended to have lower cool and hot inhibitory control, whereas children with only prenatal exposure displayed lower hot inhibitory control. Regardless of whether exposure was across prenatal and postnatal periods, or restricted to prenatal phase alone, exposed children displayed more behavior problems in toddlerhood, which in turn predicted more behavior problems in early adolescence. All associations emerged after considering extensive potential confounding factors and did not vary across child sex. Taken together, early tobacco smoke exposure may induce self-regulation deficits and also early onset of behavior problems and thus elevate the risk of later psychopathology. Building a smoke free environment in pregnancy and infancy likely yields long-term benefits by facilitating adaptation in early adolescence.