Aegean tectonics: Strain localisation, slab tearing and trench retreat
Aegean tectonics: Strain localisation, slab tearing and trench retreat
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.011
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发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
L. Jolivet;C. Faccenna;B. Huet;L. Labrousse;L. Pourhiet;O. Lacombe;E. Lecomte;E. Burov;Y. Denèle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Jolivet;C. Faccenna;B. Huet;L. Labrousse;L. Pourhiet;O. Lacombe;E. Lecomte;E. Burov;Y. Denèle
我们回顾了爱琴海-安纳托利亚地区的地球动力学演化，并讨论了该地区在地质时代的应变局部化。晚始新世至今，爱琴海弧后地壳变形在板块后退过程中逐渐局域化。伸展始于始新世罗多佩变质核杂岩的形成，并迁移到基克拉泽斯和门德雷斯地块北部（渐新世和中新世），由地壳规模的分离体和第一批核杂岩（MCCs）所容纳。迈锡尼亚时代之后，延伸局限于土耳其西部、科林斯裂谷和外部希腊弧，而北安那托利亚断层则穿透爱琴海。随着时间的推移，除了本地化之外，扩展的方向和风格并没有发生重大变化。讨论了渐进式板块退缩和撕裂、基底阻力、挤压构造和构造继承的贡献，我们倾向于这样一种模型：(1)板块退缩是主要驱动力，(2)连续的板块撕裂事件是这种逐步应变局部化的主要原因，(3)地壳的继承非均质性是分离局部化的主要因素。大陆地壳继承了很强的非均质性，地壳尺度上的接触，如主要逆冲面，充当了弱带或阻力和粘度对比带，可以局部化后期变形。板块的深部动力学和板块后退引起的软流圈流动也对板块上部的应变局部化有影响。中新世中期到中新世晚期，连续的板块断裂分离出一条狭窄的岩石圈，至今仍与克里特岛下面的非洲岩石圈相连。北安纳托利亚断层的形成部分是这种演化的结果。安纳托利亚的挤压和爱琴海的伸展部分是由下方（软流层流动）和上方（刚性地壳盖的挤压）驱动的。
We review the geodynamic evolution of the Aegean–Anatolia region and discuss strain localisation there over geological times. From Late Eocene to Present, crustal deformation in the Aegean backarc has localised progressively during slab retreat. Extension started with the formation of the Rhodope Metamorphic Core Complex (Eocene) and migrated to the Cyclades and the northern Menderes Massif (Oligocene and Miocene), accommodated by crustal-scale detachments and a first series of core complexes (MCCs). Extension then localised in Western Turkey, the Corinth Rift and the external Hellenic arc after Messinian times, while the North Anatolian Fault penetrated the Aegean Sea. Through time the direction and style of extension have not changed significantly except in terms of localisation. The contributions of progressive slab retreat and tearing, basal drag, extrusion tectonics and tectonic inheritance are discussed and we favour a model (1) where slab retreat is the main driving engine, (2) successive slab tearing episodes are the main causes of this stepwise strain localisation and (3) the inherited heterogeneity of the crust is a major factor for localising detachments. The continental crust has an inherited strong heterogeneity and crustal-scale contacts such as major thrust planes act as weak zones or as zones of contrast of resistance and viscosity that can localise later deformation. The dynamics of slabs at depth and the asthenospheric flow due to slab retreat also have influence strain localisation in the upper plate. Successive slab ruptures from the Middle Miocene to the Late Miocene have isolated a narrow strip of lithosphere, still attached to the African lithosphere below Crete. The formation of the North Anatolian Fault is partly a consequence of this evolution. The extrusion of Anatolia and the Aegean extension are partly driven from below (asthenospheric flow) and from above (extrusion of a lid of rigid crust).