Job Characteristics Associated With Self-Rated Fair or Poor Health Among US Workers
Job Characteristics Associated With Self-Rated Fair or Poor Health Among US Workers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2017.03.023
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Calvert, Geoffrey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luckhaupt, Sara E.;Alterman, Toni;Calvert, Geoffrey M.
简介：大约60%的美国成年人口就业。一个人的工作的许多方面可能会影响健康，但目前还不清楚哪些工作特征与人口水平的健康最密切相关。本研究的目的是在一项全国性的美国工人调查中确定工作特征和工人自评健康状况之间的重要关联。方法：使用2010年全国健康访谈调查的数据计算五类工作特征的自评健康状况一般/较差的加权患病率：职业;薪酬/福利（经济）;工作组织;化学/环境危害;以及心理社会因素。采用后向消除法建立自报健康与显著工作特征的回归模型，调整社会人口学变量和健康行为。数据收集于2010年，并在2012- 2016年进行了分析。结果：在调整协变量后，如果工人受雇于商业运营职业（例如，采购员、人力资源工作者、活动策划者、营销专家;调整后的患病率[APR]=1.85，95%CI =1.19，2.88）;无带薪病假（APR=1.35，95% CI=1.11，1.63）;担心失业（APR=1.43，95%CI =1.22，1.69）;难以兼顾工作和家庭（APR=1.23，95%CI =1.01，1.49）;或在工作中受到欺凌/威胁（APR=1.82，95%CI =1.44，2.29）。职业，没有带薪病假，在2010年的人口水平上，多种心理社会因素与美国工人的健康状况一般/较差有关。公共卫生专业人员和雇主在制定改善工人健康的干预措施时应考虑这些因素。
Introduction: Approximately 60% of the U.S. adult population is employed. Many aspects of a person's job may influence health, but it is unclear which job characteristics are most strongly associated with health at a population level. The purpose of this study was to identify important associations between job characteristics and workers' self-rated health in a nationally representative survey of U.S. workers.Methods: Data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey were used to calculate weighted prevalence rates for self-reported fair/poor health for five categories of job characteristics: occupation; pay/benefits (economic); work organization; chemical/environmental hazards; and psychosocial factors. Backward elimination methods were used to build a regression model for self-reported health with the significant job characteristics, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and health behaviors. Data were collected in 2010 and analyzed in 2012-2016.Results: After adjusting for covariates, workers were more likely to have fair/poor health if they were employed in business operations occupations (e.g., buyers, human resources workers, event planners, marketing specialists; adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]=1.85, 95% CI=1.19, 2.88); had no paid sick leave (APR=1.35, 95% CI=1.11, 1.63); worried about becoming unemployed (APR=1.43 ,95% CI=1.22, 1.69); had difficulty combining work and family (APR=1.23, 95% CI=1.01, 1.49); or had been bullied/threatened on the job (APR=1.82, 95% CI=1.44, 2.29).Conclusions: Occupation, lack of paid sick leave, and multiple psychosocial factors were associated with fair/poor health among U.S. workers at the population level in 2010. Public health professionals and employers should consider these factors when developing interventions to improve worker health.