Gender differences in associations of household and ambient air pollution with child health: Evidence from household and satellite-based data in Bangladesh
Gender differences in associations of household and ambient air pollution with child health: Evidence from household and satellite-based data in Bangladesh
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DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104779
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Hibiki, Akira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kurata, Masamitsu;Takahashi, Kazushi;Hibiki, Akira
减少家庭空气污染（HAP）和环境空气污染（AAP）的健康风险对于实现全球可持续发展至关重要，特别是在低收入国家。儿童的风险特别高，因为他们的呼吸系统和免疫系统尚未发育完全。以前的研究已经确定了空气污染对儿童健康的不利影响。然而，大多数研究并没有同时关注HAP和AAP，也没有解决性别之间产前和产后暴露的时间和程度差异。因此，本研究探讨了产前和产后暴露于空气动力学直径为2.5 μ m或更小（PM2.5）沿着家庭使用固体燃料（HAP的主要原因）的环境颗粒物与孟加拉国儿童健康的相关性。我们将全国代表性调查的个人数据与基于卫星的高分辨率环境PM2.5数据相结合。我们发现：（1）使用固体燃料与女孩的呼吸道疾病有关，但与男孩无关;（2）产前暴露于环境PM2.5与男孩的发育迟缓有关，但与女孩无关;（3）产后暴露与两种性别的发育迟缓有关。这些结果为AAP和HAP对不同性别和暴露时间的儿童健康的异质性影响提供了新的证据。主要的政策影响是，针对艾滋病的干预措施，将更有效地针对女孩，对艾滋病的干预措施也应该针对孕妇。总之，我们的研究结果强调了保护妇女免受空气污染和实现可持续发展目标3.9的重要性。(C)2019作者（S）爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Reduction in health risks from household air pollution (HAP) and ambient air pollution (AAP) is critical for achieving sustainable development globally, especially in low-income countries. Children are at particularly high risk because their respiratory and immune systems are not fully developed. Previous studies have identified the adverse impacts of air pollution on child health. However, most studies do not focus on HAP and AAP simultaneously nor address differences in the timings and magnitudes of prenatal and postnatal exposures across genders. Therefore, this study examines how prenatal and postnatal exposures to ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mu m or less (PM2.5) along with household use of solid fuels (a main cause of HAP) are correlated with child health in Bangladesh. We combine individual-level data from nationally representative surveys with satellite-based high-resolution data on ambient PM2.5. We find that (1) the use of solid fuels is associated with respiratory illness among girls but not boys, (2) prenatal exposure to ambient PM2.5 is associated with stunting in boys but not girls, and (3) postnatal exposure is associated with stunting in both genders. These results provide new evidence for heterogeneous influences of AAP and HAP on child health across gender and timing of exposure. The main policy implications are that interventions against HAP would be more effective by targeting girls, and interventions against AAP should also target pregnant women. In sum, our findings highlight the importance of protecting women from air pollution and achieving Target 3.9 of the Sustainable Development Goals. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.