Developmental Origins of the Adipocyte Lineage: New Insights from Genetics and Genomics Studies
Developmental Origins of the Adipocyte Lineage: New Insights from Genetics and Genomics Studies
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DOI：
10.1007/s12015-011-9242-x
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Dani, Christian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Billon, Nathalie;Dani, Christian
目前肥胖和超重的流行引起了对脂肪组织形成研究的兴趣。在确定控制脂肪祖细胞终末分化为成熟脂肪细胞的转录网络方面已经取得了很大进展。然而，直到最近，脂肪细胞发育的早期步骤和该谱系的胚胎起源在很大程度上被忽视了。在哺乳动物中，两种功能不同的脂肪组织共存，它们都参与能量平衡，但承担相反的功能。白色脂肪组织（WAT）储存能量，而棕色脂肪组织（BAT）专门用于能量消耗。WAT和BAT可以作为位于身体各个部位的几个仓库找到。个体脂肪库在发育过程中表现出不同的出现时间，以及不同的功能特性，这表明它们的发育起源可能存在差异。这一假说最近被重新审视，通过大规模的基因组学研究和体内谱系追踪的方法，这是在本报告中进行审查。这些研究为脂肪细胞生物学提供了新的基本见解，为WAT和BAT以及单个WAT库指出了不同的发育起源。他们认为脂肪组织由不同的微型器官组成，表现出发育和功能差异，以及对肥胖相关代谢疾病的可变贡献。
The current epidemic of obesity and overweight has caused a surge of interest in the study of adipose tissue formation. Much progress has been made in defining the transcriptional networks controlling the terminal differentiation of adipocyte progenitors into mature adipocytes. However, the early steps of adipocyte development and the embryonic origin of this lineage have been largely disregarded until recently. In mammals, two functionally different types of adipose tissues coexist, which are both involved in energy balance but assume opposite functions. White adipose tissue (WAT) stores energy, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized in energy expenditure. WAT and BAT can be found as several depots located in various sites of the body. Individual fat depots exhibit different timing of appearance during development, as well as distinct functional properties, suggesting possible differences in their developmental origin. This hypothesis has recently been revisited through large-scale genomics studies and in vivo lineage tracing approaches, which are reviewed in this report. These studies have provided novel fundamental insights into adipocyte biology, pointing out distinct developmental origins for WAT and BAT, as well as for individual WAT depots. They suggest that the adipose tissue is composed of distinct mini-organs, exhibiting developmental and functional differences, as well as variable contribution to obesity-related metabolic diseases.