Neurogenesis of cough, other airway defensive behaviors and breathing: A holarchical system?
Neurogenesis of cough, other airway defensive behaviors and breathing: A holarchical system?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resp.2006.01.008
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发表时间：
2006-07-28
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Davenport, Paul W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bolser, Donald C.;Poliacek, Ivan;Davenport, Paul W.
咳嗽和呼吸是由共同的肌肉系统产生的。然而，这两种行为在机械特性和调节方面存在显着差异。目前对这些行为的神经源性机制的概念认为，多功能呼吸模式发生器经过重新配置以产生咳嗽。我们之前的结果表明存在功能性咳嗽门机制，该机制控制这种气道防御行为的兴奋性，但不参与呼吸的调节。我们认为咳嗽、呼吸和其他非呼吸行为的神经发生是由更大的网络控制的，呼吸模式发生器是其中的一部分。我们将这个网络称为整体系统。该系统由称为完整子的功能控制元件控制，该元件赋予每种行为独特的调节特征。咳嗽门就是这种全子的一个例子。参与咳嗽完整子的神经元可能包括行为选择元件。也就是说，在咳嗽期间被专门招募的神经元和/或在呼吸期间很少或没有调节但在咳嗽期间放电发生显着改变的强直活性神经元。我们还提出，整体系统负责不同气道防御行为的有序表达，使得每个运动任务都以时间上和机械上离散的方式执行。我们进一步提出，控制一种气道防御行为的完整子可以调节其他行为所特有的完整子的兴奋性并与之合作。因此，咳嗽和吞咽等多种节律行为的共同表达可以在不损害气道防御的情况下发生。 (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Cough and breathing are generated by a common muscular system. However, these two behaviors differ significantly in their mechanical features and regulation. The current conceptualization of the neurogenic mechanism for these behaviors holds that the multifunctional respiratory pattern generator undergoes reconfiguration to produce cough. Our previous results indicate the presence of a functional cough gate mechanism that controls the excitability of this airway defensive behavior, but is not involved in the regulation of breathing. We propose that the neurogenesis of cough, breathing, and other nonbreathing behaviors is controlled by a larger network, of which the respiratory pattern generator is part. This network we term a holarchical system. This system is governed by functional control elements known as holons, which confer unique regulatory features to each behavior. The cough gate is an example of such a holon. Neurons that participate in a cough holon may include behavior selective elements. That is, neurons that are either specifically recruited during cough and/or tonically-active neurons with little or no modulation during breathing but with significant alterations in discharge during coughing. We also propose that the holarchical system is responsible for the orderly expression of different airway defensive behaviors such that each motor task is executed in a temporally and mechanically discrete manner. We further propose that a holon controlling one airway defensive behavior can regulate the excitability of, and cooperate with, holons unique to other behaviors. As such, co-expression of multiple rhythmic behaviors such as cough and swallow can occur without compromising airway defense. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.