Cellular maturity and apoptosis in human sperm:: creatine kinase, caspase-3 and BCI-XL levels in mature and diminished maturity sperm
Cellular maturity and apoptosis in human sperm:: creatine kinase, caspase-3 and BCI-XL levels in mature and diminished maturity sperm
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DOI：
10.1093/molehr/gah050
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Huszar, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cayli, S;Sakkas, D;Huszar, G
人类精子成熟度和凋亡之间的关系是有趣的，因为不成熟的精子在射精中的持久性，尽管在精子发生过程中的各种凋亡过程。我们通过HspA 2分子伴侣水平评估精子成熟度，通过精子与固定化透明质酸（HA）的结合评估质膜成熟度。我们还利用了客观形态测量学。用三种抗体组合对精子进行染色：活性半胱天冬酶-3/肌酸激酶（CK，细胞质滞留的标志物）、半胱天冬酶-3/抗凋亡Bcl-（XL）和CK/Bcl-（XL）。精液中CK、caspase-3和Bcl-（XL）阳性率为13%，两种标记物阳性率为28%。在成熟的HA结合精子部分中，80%的精子位于中段。清晰，单，双染色精子的形态特征，在其更明显的成熟停滞线，头部大小（由于细胞质滞留）和较短的尾部长度的增量增加。我们假设在有缺陷的精子发育过程中，可能发生三种选择：（i）通过凋亡消除异常的生殖细胞;（ii）在存活的未成熟细胞中，caspase-3被激活，并且作为响应，抗凋亡的Bcl-（XL），可能还有HspA 2，提供保护;（iii）在第三种类型的未成熟精子中，除了CK、caspase-3和Bcl-（XL）表达外，还存在头部大小增加和尾部长度缩短的相关表现。因此，未成熟精子的发育停滞类型和细胞凋亡保护机制可能各不相同。这些变化可能解释了射精中未成熟精子的持续存在。
The relationship between human sperm maturity and apoptosis is of interest because of the persistence of immature sperm in ejaculates in spite of various apoptotic processes during spermatogenesis. We assessed sperm maturity by HspA2 chaperone levels, and plasma membrane maturity by sperm binding to immobilized hyaluronic acid (HA). We also utilized objective morphometry. Sperm were stained with three antibody combinations: active caspase-3/creatine kinase (CK, a marker of cytoplasmic retention), caspase-3/the antiapoptotic Bcl-(XL), and CK/Bcl-(XL). In semen, 13% of sperm stained with CK, caspase-3 or Bcl-(XL), and 28% had stained with two markers. In the mature HA-bound sperm fraction, 80% of sperm) in the midpiece. Morphometrical attributes of clear, single- and double-stained sperm, in line with their more pronounced maturation arrest, showed an incremental increase in head size (due to cytoplasmic retention) and shorter tail length. We hypothesize that during faulty sperm development, three alternatives may occur: (i) elimination of aberrant germ cells by apoptosis; (ii) in surviving immature cells, caspase-3 is activated, and in response the antiapoptotic Bcl-(XL), and perhaps HspA2, provide protection; (iii) in a third type of immature sperm, in addition to the CK, caspase-3 and Bcl-(XL) expression, there are related manifestations of increased head size and shorter tail length. Thus, immature sperm may vary in the type of developmental arrest and in protection mechanisms for apoptosis. These variations are likely to explain the persistence of immature sperm in the ejaculate.