Effects of Elevation and Wind on the Growth of Pinus cembra L. in a Subalpine Afforestation
Effects of Elevation and Wind on the Growth of Pinus cembra L. in a Subalpine Afforestation
复制标题
海拔和风力对亚高山造林中松树生长的影响
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Havranek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Kronfuss;W. Havranek
王建民，王晓华，王晓华，等.海拔和风对亚高山造林中樟子松生长的影响菲顿(奥地利霍恩)39(4)：(99)(106)。为了提高雪崩的防护能力，蒂罗尔发起了一项在塞拉恩山谷昔日牧场陡峭的阳坡上植树造林的项目。分析了该项目的数据，以研究树木生长与气候的相互作用，特别是温度和风的相互作用。试验地沿海拔梯度排列，海拔从1700m(谷底)到1900m a.s.l。随着生长季长度的缩短，每百米赤松树高年生长量下降约5-6%。只有在造林面积最高的30米处，树高生长才不成比例地快速下降。在气候参数中，只有风速与高度生长呈负相关。1900米的风速是1800米和1730米风速的两倍多。然而，风并没有造成严重的损害(如磨损、冬季干燥)，但似乎通过改变小气候间接影响生长。在阳光充足的山坡上，由于强辐射引起的植物器官和土壤的过热可以被风降低，因此，生长和光合作用生产的最佳温度出现的频率低于较少暴露在风暴露的低实验区。一旦林分关闭，森林就会抬高风场，从而减少风对生长的负面影响。
KRONFUSS H. & HAVRANEK W.M. 1999. Effects of elevation and wind on the growth of Pinus cembra L. in a subalpine afforestation. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 39 (4): (99) (106). To improve avalanche protection, research on an afforestation project of a steep sunny slope of former pasture land in the Sellrain valley, Tyrol was initiated. Data of this project were analysed to investigate interactions of tree growth and climate, especially of temperature and wind. Experimental plots were arranged along an elevational gradient from 1700m (valley bottom) to 1900m a.s.l. Annual height growth of Pinus cembra L. decreased with altitude by about 5-6% per 100m corresponding to the decrease in length of the growing season. Only in the uppermost 30 metres of the afforestation area did height growth decrease disproportionately fast. Among climatic parameters only wind speed was negatively and highly correlated with height growth. Wind speed at 1900m was more than twice as high as at 1800 and 1730m. However, wind did not cause acute damage (e.g., abrasion, winter desiccation) but seemed to influence growth indirectly by altering microclimate. Overheating of plant organs and the soil by strong radiation on sunny slopes can be reduced by wind and, as a consequence, optimum temperatures for growth and for photosynthetic production occur less frequently than in the less wind-exposed lower experimental plots. As soon as stand closure occurs, the forest lifts the wind field and thus reduces the negative effects of wind on growth.