Environmental impacts and embodied energy of construction methods and materials in low-income tropical housing
Environmental impacts and embodied energy of construction methods and materials in low-income tropical housing
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DOI：
10.3390/su7067866
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发表时间：
2015-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
A. Hashemi;H. Cruickshank;A. Cheshmehzangi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Hashemi;H. Cruickshank;A. Cheshmehzangi
本文评估了乌干达低收入热带住房的现状，重点是建筑方法和材料，以确定需要改进的关键领域。我们会进行文献研究、实地考察及摄影调查，以搜集有关乡郊地区现行建筑方法/物料及其对环境影响的资料。低质量、高浪费和能源密集型的生产方法，以及过度的土壤开采和森林砍伐，被认为是当前建筑方法和材料的主要环境破坏。体现的能源被强调为应解决的关键领域，以减少低收入热带住房的CO2排放。结果表明，乌干达烧结砖的内含能量是普通粘土砖的5.7倍。与东非国家的砖墙相比，混凝土墙被认为是一种更加环保的建筑方法。改进燃料效率和模制系统，增加可再生能源的利用，提高公众认识，教育当地制造商和工匠，逐步长期采用适应当地需要和条件的创新建筑方法和材料，是改善目前状况的一些建议行动。
This paper evaluates the current conditions of Ugandan low-income tropical housing with a focus on construction methods and materials in order to identify the key areas for improvement. Literature review, site visits and photographic surveys are carried out to collect relevant information on prevailing construction methods/materials and on their environmental impacts in rural areas. Low quality, high waste, and energy intensive production methods, as well as excessive soil extraction and deforestation, are identified as the main environmental damage of the current construction methods and materials. The embodied energy is highlighted as the key area which should be addressed to reduce the CO2 emissions of low-income tropical housing. The results indicate that the embodied energy of fired bricks in Uganda is up to 5.7 times more than general clay bricks. Concrete walling is identified as a much more environmentally friendly construction method compared to brick walling in East African countries. Improving fuel efficiency and moulding systems, increasing access to renewable energy sources, raising public awareness, educating local manufacturers and artisans, and gradual long-term introduction of innovative construction methods and materials which are adapted to local needs and conditions are some of the recommended actions to improve the current conditions.