Impact of climate change on direct and indirect species interactions
Impact of climate change on direct and indirect species interactions
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DOI：
10.3354/meps12148
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发表时间：
2017-05-17
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Graves, Dale
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lord, Joshua P.;Barry, James P.;Graves, Dale
最近的海洋气候变化研究主要集中在单个物种对环境变化的响应，包括变暖和酸化。在海洋变化对个体物种的直接影响以及间接影响的级联作用下，群落的反应受到的研究要少得多。我们使用了几种岩石潮间带物种，包括螃蟹、海螺、幼鲍鱼和贻贝，以确定海洋条件的变化如何改变摄食、生长和物种之间的相互作用。我们的10周实验揭示了许多复杂的结果，这些结果突显了社区层面反应的不可预测性。与我们的预测相反，二氧化碳升高的最大影响是减少了螃蟹的投放和存活，pH下降了0.3个单位。令人惊讶的是，海螺对更高的温度或二氧化碳水平没有反应，而鲍鱼壳在高二氧化碳条件下生长速度减少了40%。螃蟹对青春痘的大量非消耗性影响表明，间接影响在阻止气候变化反应方面可以发挥多么重要的作用。对物种结果的预测只考虑了对气候变化的生理反应，而没有考虑到物种相互作用所产生的间接影响的潜在巨大作用。对于紧密相连的物种(例如捕食者-猎物或竞争对手关系)，气候变化的间接影响远不如直接影响为人所知，但在重塑未来海洋群落方面可能要强大得多。
Recent marine climate change re search has largely focused on the response of individual species to environmental changes in cluding warming and acidification. The response of communities, driven by the direct effects of ocean change on individual species as well the cascade of indirect effects, has received far less study. We used several rocky intertidal species including crabs, whelks, juvenile abalone, and mussels to determine how feeding, growth, and interactions between species could be shifted by changing ocean conditions. Our 10 wk experiment revealed many complex outcomes which highlight the unpredictability of community-level responses. Contrary to our predictions, the largest impact of elevated CO2 was reduced crab feeding and survival, with a pH drop of 0.3 units. Surprisingly, whelks showed no response to higher temperatures or CO2 levels, while abalone shells grew 40 % less under high CO2 conditions. Massive non-consumptive effects of crabs on whelks showed how important indirect effects can be in deter mining climate change responses. Predictions of species outcomes that account solely for physiological responses to climate change do not consider the potentially large role of indirect effects due to species interactions. For strongly linked species (e.g. predator-prey or competitor relationships), the indirect effects of climate change are much less known than direct effects, but may be far more powerful in reshaping future marine communities.