Dephosphorylating eukaryotic RNA polymerase II.
Dephosphorylating eukaryotic RNA polymerase II.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.01.007
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发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhang YJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mayfield JE;Burkholder NT;Zhang YJ
RNA聚合酶II的C-末端结构域的磷酸化状态对于在整个转录周期中介导转录和RNA加工的各种因子的时空募集是必需的。因此，由位点特异性激酶/磷酸酶引起的CTD磷酸化的变化对于转录期间信息的准确传递至关重要。与激酶不同，CTD磷酸酶传统上被忽视，因为它们被认为是被动的负调节因子，在转录结束时去除所有磷酸标记。近年来，这种过于简单化的观点受到了争议，新的数据表明磷酸酶在转录中起着积极的调节作用。我们现在知道CTD磷酸酶确保转录的不同阶段之间的适当过渡，平衡磷酸化的分布以准确终止和重新启动，并防止某些基因的不适当表达。在这篇综述中，我们集中在CTD磷酸酶在调节转录的具体作用。特别是，我们强调如何实现这些磷酸酶的特异性和时间去磷酸化，并考虑影响这些动态的各种调控因素。
The phosphorylation state of the C-terminal domain of RNA Polymerase II is required for the temporal and spatial recruitment of various factors that mediate transcription and RNA processing throughout the transcriptional cycle. Therefore, changes in CTD phosphorylation by site-specific kinases/phosphatases are critical for the accurate transmission of information during transcription. Unlike kinases, CTD phosphatases have been traditionally neglected as they are thought to act as passive negative regulators that remove all phosphate marks at the conclusion of transcription. This over-simplified view has been disputed in recent years and new data asserts the active and regulatory role phosphatases play in transcription. We now know that CTD phosphatases ensure the proper transition between different stages of transcription, balance the distribution of phosphorylation for accurate termination and re-initiation, and prevent inappropriate expression of certain genes. In this review, we focus on the specific roles of CTD phosphatases in regulating transcription. In particular, we emphasize how specificity and timing of dephosphorylation is achieved for these phosphatases and consider the various regulatory factors that affect these dynamics.