Gender differences in alcohol consumption in Mexico City.
Gender differences in alcohol consumption in Mexico City.
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DOI：
10.1590/s0036-36341999000300006
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发表时间：
1999-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Saldívar-Hernández, GJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caraveo-Anduaga, JJ;Colmenares-Bermúdez, E;Saldívar-Hernández, GJ
Objective.本研究的目的是：（1）证实1988年和1993年全国吸毒调查结果所记录的女性人口饮酒量的增加; 2）确定受影响的年龄组，并获得关于发病年龄、每次事件的消费量和墨西哥城成年人口醉酒频率的基本信息，作为指导预防措施的指标。材料和方法。采用了多阶段分层住户调查。共完成了1932次访谈，受试者年龄在18 - 65岁之间，应答率为60.4%。该工具是复合国际精神病学访谈（CIDI）的修改版本，这是一个高度结构化的工具，适用于非专业人员，虽然有限的培训是必要的。酒精部分包括第一次饮酒的年龄，每次饮酒的频率和数量以及过去12个月的醉酒频率等问题。按性别和年龄组获得中位数和百分比。结果其中，96.5%的男性和81.1%的女性一生中至少喝过一次酒。男性平均发病年龄为16岁，女性为18岁。年龄组的比较表明，开始饮酒的年龄明显较早，特别是妇女。全国人口普查表明，女性人口饮酒量呈上升趋势，而且年龄更小，这一点得到了证实。结果表明，平均而言，在发病年龄后5年，男性和女性的酒精消费量达到最高水平，往往是过量的。此外，在七年的时间里，妇女中的高危饮酒（每次饮酒五杯或更多）增加了四倍，而且有明显的上升趋势。60%的饮酒人口在30岁之前减少了酒精消费，然而，其余40%的人继续以同样的速度饮酒，甚至增加了消费，特别是在妇女中。结论.开始饮酒的年龄有所下降，特别是在妇女中，显示出滥用的倾向。预防方案应主要侧重于年轻群体，重点是女性人口。
Objective. The objectives of the present study were: 1)To corroborate the increase in alcohol consumption in the female population registered by results from the National Surveys on Addictions (ENA), 1988 and 1993; and 2) to determine affected age groups, and obtain basic information on age of onset, amount consumed per event and drunkenness frequency in the adult population of Mexico City, as indicators to orient preventive measures. Material and methods. A multi-stage, stratified household survey was applied. A total of 1 932 interviews was completed, subjects were between 18 and 65 years of age, with a response rate of 60.4%. The instrument was a modified version of the Composite International Psychiatric Interview (CIDI), which is a highly structured instrument, applicable by nonspecialized personnel, although limited training is necessary. The alcohol section included questions on the age of the first drink, the frequency and amount consumed during each event and the drunkenness frequency during the last 12 months, among other variables. Median and percentage were obtained by sex and among age-cohorts. Results. Of the total, 96.5% of men and 81.1% of women have consumed at least one drink in their lives. In average, age of onset is 16 years for men, and 18 years for women. Age group comparisons show a clear tendency to begin drinking at an earlier age, particularly in women. The growing trend indicated by ENA with respect to alcohol consumption in the feminine population and at a younger age was corroborated. Results indicated that, in average, 5 years after the age of onset, both men and women reach their highest quantities of alcohol consumption,which tend to be excessive. Additionally, high-risk drinking among women (five or more drinks per event) increased to be four times higher in a period of seven years, and with an apparent tendency to rise. Sixty percent of the drinking population reduced alcohol consumption before the age of 30, however, the remaining 40% continued to drink at the same rate, or even increased consumption, particularly among women. Conclusions. The age of onset of alcohol consumption has diminished, especially in women, showing tendencies towards abuse. Preventive programs should predominantly focus on young age groups with emphasis on the feminine population.