Hierarchical models in the brain.

Hierarchical models in the brain.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000211
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发表时间:
2008-11
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Friston K
Friston K
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Friston K

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本文描述了一个包含多个连续数据参数模型的通用模型。该模型由状态空间或动态因果模型的隐藏层组成,以便一个输出为另一个输出提供输入。随后的层次结构为任意复杂性的许多类型的数据提供了一个模型。特殊情况包括从静态数据的一般线性模型到非线性时间序列分析的带有系统噪声的广义卷积模型。至关重要的是,所有这些模型都可以使用完全相同的方案进行反转,即动态期望最大化。这意味着一个单一的模型和优化方案可以用来反转大范围的模型。我们提出的模型和其反转的简要回顾,以揭示之间的关系,显然,不同的生成模型的经验数据。然后,我们表明这种反转可以被表述为一个简单的神经网络,并可能为大脑中的推理和学习提供有用的隐喻。模型对于理解科学数据至关重要,但它们也可能在我们如何吸收感官信息方面发挥核心作用。在本文中,我们介绍了一个生成或预测不同类型数据的通用模型。因此,它包含了数据分析和统计测试中使用的许多常见模型。我们表明,这个模型可以使用一个单一的通用过程来适应数据,这意味着我们可以将大量的数据分析过程放在同一个统一框架中。至关重要的是,我们随后表明,大脑在原则上具有实现这一方案的机制。这表明,大脑有能力利用科学家目前使用的最复杂的算法和可能更复杂的模型来分析感官输入。这项工作的意义在于,我们可以将大脑的结构和功能理解为一台推理机。此外,我们可以将大脑解剖学和生理学的各个方面归因于特定的计算量,这可能有助于理解正常的大脑功能以及与精神疾病相关的病理过程如何导致异常推断。
This paper describes a general model that subsumes many parametric models for continuous data. The model comprises hidden layers of state-space or dynamic causal models, arranged so that the output of one provides input to another. The ensuing hierarchy furnishes a model for many types of data, of arbitrary complexity. Special cases range from the general linear model for static data to generalised convolution models, with system noise, for nonlinear time-series analysis. Crucially, all of these models can be inverted using exactly the same scheme, namely, dynamic expectation maximization. This means that a single model and optimisation scheme can be used to invert a wide range of models. We present the model and a brief review of its inversion to disclose the relationships among, apparently, diverse generative models of empirical data. We then show that this inversion can be formulated as a simple neural network and may provide a useful metaphor for inference and learning in the brain. Models are essential to make sense of scientific data, but they may also play a central role in how we assimilate sensory information. In this paper, we introduce a general model that generates or predicts diverse sorts of data. As such, it subsumes many common models used in data analysis and statistical testing. We show that this model can be fitted to data using a single and generic procedure, which means we can place a large array of data analysis procedures within the same unifying framework. Critically, we then show that the brain has, in principle, the machinery to implement this scheme. This suggests that the brain has the capacity to analyse sensory input using the most sophisticated algorithms currently employed by scientists and possibly models that are even more elaborate. The implications of this work are that we can understand the structure and function of the brain as an inference machine. Furthermore, we can ascribe various aspects of brain anatomy and physiology to specific computational quantities, which may help understand both normal brain function and how aberrant inferences result from pathological processes associated with psychiatric disorders.
DOI: 10.1109/72.392253
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发表时间: 1995-09-01
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DOI: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x
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期刊: JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-METHODOLOGICAL
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