Caged oysters still get scared: Predator presence and density influence growth in oysters, but only at very close ranges
Caged oysters still get scared: Predator presence and density influence growth in oysters, but only at very close ranges
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笼中牡蛎仍然会感到害怕：捕食者的存在和密度会影响牡蛎的生长，但仅限于非常近距离的情况
DOI：
10.3354/meps12070
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
E. Levine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stephen Gosnell;Kali Spurgin;E. Levine
可能不同地影响消耗性和非消耗性效应的两种常见变异形式是捕食者的生物量如何在单个捕食者之间分配（例如，几只小型捕食者对几只大型捕食者）以及捕食者在整个群落中的分布情况。我们分析了在野外条件下生长的东方牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）的存在、生物量（密度、大小和总生物量）以及与冠螺（Melongena corona）的距离对其生长的影响。在58 d的实验中，捕食者的存在降低了生长（新壳的增加和质量），增加了壳的厚度。尽管这些效应随着捕食者密度的增加而更加明显，但总捕食者生物量和捕食者大小对非消耗效应强度的影响有限。牡蛎总质量在壳和组织之间的分配也不受捕食者处理的影响。一项为期96天的研究对这些影响的范围进行了考察，结果表明，它们可能只存在于很短的距离内，或者随着牡蛎的生长而变化，因为牡蛎与笼子里的捕食者的距离不同，在生长特征上没有差异。这些结果表明，在捕食者群落结构和暴露距离方面，牡蛎礁群落的非消耗性相互作用可能是高度非线性的，并表明这些因素可能是决定其他群落非消耗性效应影响的重要因素。我们的生长数据还表明，在正常的水产养殖条件下，非消耗效应可能对牡蛎生长产生重大影响，并建议在管理工作中考虑这些影响。
: Two common forms of variation that may influence consumptive and non-consump-tive effects differently are how the biomass of predators is allocated among individual predators (e.g. several small vs. few large predators) and how predators are spaced throughout a community. We analyzed how varying the presence, biomass (density, size, and total biomass), and distance to crown conchs Melongena corona impacted growth in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica grown in field conditions. The presence of predators decreased growth (new shell added and mass) and increased shell thickness in a 58 d experiment. Although these effects were more pronounced as predator density increased, total predator biomass and predator size had limited impact on the strength of non-consumptive effects. The allocation of total oyster mass between shell and tissue was also not impacted by predator treatments. Results from a 96 d study examin-ing the range of these effects indicated that they may exist only over short distances or change as oysters grow, as oysters at varying distances from a caged predator showed no differences in growth traits. These results show that non-consumptive interactions in oyster reef communities may be highly non-linear in regards to predator community structure and exposure distance and indicate these factors may be important in determining the impact of non-consumptive effects in other communities. Our growth data also show that non-consumptive effects may have major impacts on oyster growth under normal aquaculture conditions and suggest that these effects may need to be considered in management efforts.
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
Douglas M. Bates;M. Maechler;Ben Bolker;Steven C. Walker
通讯作者：
Douglas M. Bates;M. Maechler;Ben Bolker;Steven C. Walker