Designing Effective Serious Games: Opportunities and Challenges for Research
Designing Effective Serious Games: Opportunities and Challenges for Research
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DOI：
10.3991/ijet.v5s3.1500
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
De Gloria, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bellotti, F.;Berta, R.;De Gloria, A.
严肃游戏在教学方面具有公认的潜力，因为它们能够极大地激发学习者的积极性。它们还可以提供沉浸式环境，让高级用户能够练习知识和技能，同时利用多模式交互。它们能够将计算机处理和数据存储的有效性与高度的吸引力相结合。我们的工作从认知方面入手，对严肃游戏的最新研究状况进行了调查，认知方面对于将技术开发和应用建立在坚实的理论基础之上是必不可少的。本文讨论了关于严肃游戏设计和利用的一些关键方面：现成组件的选择或从头设计，开发或改编的工具和方法，智能辅导、虚拟教练和情感学习，生活世界，游戏机制，人机交互。虽然已经开发了一些严肃游戏，但文献仍然强调缺乏重要的、广泛的用户测试。有必要进行进一步的研究，以更详细地调查各种类型严肃游戏的实际有效性。本文提出了几个研究问题——从需求获取到设计，从部署到使用和评估——为了避免技术推动，并根据最终用户和利益相关者的需求推动技术研究，这些问题需要得到解答。我们认为，深化对这些问题的分析是加强严肃游戏研究基础的关键，为此我们确定了四个主要方向：指标的定义和学习进展评估工具；针对不同主题和不同用户设计游戏的方法和工具；计算和通信架构；能够提高整个系统性能的技术。
Serious Games represent an acknowledged potential for instruction, because they are able to strongly motivate learners. They can also provide immersive environments where advanced users can practice knowledge and skills, also exploiting multimodal interaction. They can combine the effectiveness of computer processing and data storage, with high levels of attractiveness. Our work has investigated the state of the art research on SGs, starting from the cognitive aspects, that are necessary in order to root technological development and applications in sound theoretical foundations. The paper discusses some key aspects about SG design and exploitation: choice of components-off-the-shelf or from-scratch design, tools and methodologies for development or adaptation, intelligent tutoring, virtual coaches and affective learning, living worlds, game mechanics, Human-Computer Interaction.While several SGs have been developed, still the literature stresses a lack of significant, extensive user tests. Further research is necessary to investigate in greater detail the real effectiveness of the various types of SGs. The paper proposes several research questions - that range from requirements elicitation to design and from deployment to use and evaluation - to be answered in order to avoid technology pushing and drive technological research according to the requirements of the end-users and stakeholders.We believe that deepening the analysis about these issues is key to strengthen the foundations of SG research, for which we identify four major directions: definition of metrics and learning progress evaluation tools; methodologies and tools for designing games from various topics and for various users; computing and communication architectures; technologies that can enhance the overall system performance.