Direct-print three-dimensional electrodes for large- scale, high-density, and customizable neural inter- faces.
Direct-print three-dimensional electrodes for large- scale, high-density, and customizable neural inter- faces.
复制标题
直接打印三维电极，用于大规模、高密度和可定制的神经接口。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.05.30.542925
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Melosh,NicholasA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang,Pingyu;Wu,EricG;Uluşan,Hasan;Phillips,AJ;RoseHays,Madeline;Kling,Alexandra;Zhao,EricT;Madugula,Sasidhar;Vilkhu,RamandeepS;Vasireddy,PrafulKrishna;Hier-Lemann,Andreas;Hong,Guosong;Chichilnisky,EJ;Melosh,NicholasA
硅基平面微电子学是可伸缩记录和调制高时空分辨率神经活动的有力工具，但在三维(3D)中定位神经结构仍然具有挑战性。我们提出了一种在硅微电子上直接制作组织穿透微电极三维阵列的方法。利用基于双光子聚合和可扩展微制造工艺的高分辨率3D打印技术，我们在平面硅基微电极阵列上制造了6,600个10-130μm高、间距为35-μm的微电极阵列。该工艺允许定制电极形状、高度和位置，以精确定位3D分布的神经元群体。作为概念的证明，我们解决了在与视网膜接口时专门针对视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)SoMAS的挑战。该阵列是为插入视网膜并从SoMAS记录而定制的，同时避开了轴突层。我们用共聚焦显微镜验证了微电极的位置，并记录了细胞分辨率下的高分辨率自发RGC活动。与平面微电极阵列的记录不同，这揭示了强大的体细胞和树突成分，几乎没有轴突贡献。这项技术可以成为一种通用的解决方案，用于将硅微电子与神经结构连接起来，并以单细胞分辨率大规模调制神经活动。
Silicon-based planar microelectronics is a powerful tool for scalably recording and modulating neural activity at high spatiotemporal resolution, but it remains challenging to target neural structures in three dimensions (3D). We present a method for directly fabricating 3D arrays of tissue-penetrating microelectrodes onto silicon microelectronics. Leveraging a high-resolution 3D printing technology based on 2-photon polymerization and scalable microfabrication processes, we fabricated arrays of 6,600 microelectrodes 10–130 μm tall and at 35-μm pitch onto a planar silicon-based microelectrode array. The process enables customizable electrode shape, height and positioning for precise targeting of neuron populations distributed in 3D. As a proof of concept, we addressed the challenge of specifically targeting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) somas when interfacing with the retina. The array was customized for insertion into the retina and recording from somas while avoiding the axon layer. We verified locations of the microelectrodes with confocal microscopy and recorded high-resolution spontaneous RGC activity at cellular resolution. This revealed strong somatic and dendritic components with little axon contribution, unlike recordings with planar microelectrode arrays. The technology could be a versatile solution for interfacing silicon microelectronics with neural structures and modulating neural activity at large scale with single-cell resolution.