[Measurement of psychosocial factors in work environment: application of two models of occupational stress].
[Measurement of psychosocial factors in work environment: application of two models of occupational stress].
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DOI：
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2004.06.008
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发表时间：
2004-12
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Wenjie Yang;Jian Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wenjie Yang;Jian Li
目的检验基于工作需求-控制模型和努力-回报失衡模型的工作内容问卷(JCQ)和努力-回报失衡问卷(ERI)中文版的信度和效度。方法对928名医院医护人员进行问卷调查。采用自填式问卷对心理社会工作环境进行评估，包括工作需求、控制力、社会支持、外在努力、奖励和过度承诺。同时对量表的内部一致性信度、结构效度和效标效度进行了评价。结果6个量表的Cronbach‘sα系数均可接受(0.56，约0.82)；因子分析显示，“工作需求”和“过度承诺”量表与理论结构吻合较好；需求-控制和努力-回报失衡与抑郁症状独立相关(OR：1.63，约2.64，P<；0.01)，具有较好的效度。结论工作需求-控制模型和努力-报酬失衡模型及其相关问卷都是测量中国职业人群心理社会工作环境和评估职业压力的可靠、有效的方法，有必要进一步修订。
OBJECTIVE To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI) based on the Job Demand-Control Model and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model respectively. METHODS 928 health care workers in hospitals were investigated in this study. The self-administered questionnaires were used to assess the psychosocial work environment, including job demand, control, social support, extrinsic effort, reward, and overcommitment. Mean while, the internal consistency reliability, construct validity and criterion validity were evaluated. RESULTS The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for 6 scales were acceptable (0.56 approximately 0.82); factor analysis showed the close fitness with the theoretical constructs, though the "job demand" and "overcommitment" scales were still questioned; moreover, both demand-control and effort-reward imbalance were independently related to depressive symptom (OR: 1.63 approximately 2.64, P < 0.01), indicating the satisfactory criterion validity. CONCLUSION Both Job Demand-Control Model and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model, with their relevant questionnaires were reliable and valid methods for measuring the psychosocial work environment and assessing the occupational stress among Chinese working population and further revision is necessary.