Explaining the sex difference in dyslexia.
Explaining the sex difference in dyslexia.
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12691
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发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Olson RK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arnett AB;Pennington BF;Peterson RL;Willcutt EG;DeFries JC;Olson RK
即使在流行病学样本中，男性也比女性更容易被诊断为阅读障碍。这可能是因为男性的阅读表现差异较大。我们扩大了以往的研究，严格测试方差差异理论，并测试中介的性别差异的认知相关。我们开发了一个分析框架，可以应用于任何精神疾病的群体差异。男性在阅读分布的低绩效尾部的代表性过高是由性别间的平均值和方差差异造成的。在高性能尾部没有性别差异。加工速度和抑制控制部分介导了性别差异。言语推理成为男性的一种优势。我们的研究结果补充了先前的发现，即处理速度部分介导了注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状的性别差异，并有助于解释阅读障碍和ADHD及其合并症的性别差异。
Males are diagnosed with dyslexia more frequently than females, even in epidemiological samples. This may be explained by greater variance in males’ reading performance. We expand on previous research by rigorously testing the variance difference theory, and testing for mediation of the sex difference by cognitive correlates. We developed an analytic framework that can be applied to group differences in any psychiatric disorder. Males’ overrepresentation in the low performance tail of the reading distribution was accounted for by mean and variance differences across sex. There was no sex difference at the high performance tail. Processing speed and inhibitory control partially mediated the sex difference. Verbal reasoning emerged as a strength in males. Our results complement a previous finding that processing speed partially mediates the sex difference in symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and helps explain the sex difference in both dyslexia and ADHD and their comorbidity.