It's worse than you thought: The feedback negativity and violations of reward prediction in gambling tasks
It's worse than you thought: The feedback negativity and violations of reward prediction in gambling tasks
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00567.x
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Simons, Robert F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hajcak, Greg;Moser, Jason S.;Simons, Robert F.
强化学习理论认为，当反馈出乎意料时，反馈的负性应该更大。然而，最近的两项研究发现，消极反馈不受结果概率的影响。为了进一步研究这个问题，本研究的参与者在每次赌博任务的试验中都做出了奖励预测，其中客观奖励概率由提示指示。在研究1中，参与者根据提示做出奖励预测，但在他们选择赌博之前；在研究2中，预测是根据他们的赌博选择做出的。在研究1中，预测和未预测的结果与等效的反馈负性相关。然而，在研究2中，对于不可预测的结果，反馈的负性更大。这些数据表明，反馈的消极程度对违反奖励预测很敏感，但这种影响可能取决于预测和结果的紧密耦合。
The reinforcement learning theory suggests that the feedback negativity should be larger when feedback is unexpected. Two recent studies found, however, that the feedback negativity was unaffected by outcome probability. To further examine this issue, participants in the present studies made reward predictions on each trial of a gambling task where objective reward probability was indicated by a cue. In Study 1, participants made reward predictions following the cue, but prior to their gambling choice; in Study 2, predictions were made following their gambling choice. Predicted and unpredicted outcomes were associated with equivalent feedback negativities in Study 1. In Study 2, however, the feedback negativity was larger for unpredicted outcomes. These data suggest that the magnitude of the feedback negativity is sensitive to violations of reward prediction, but that this effect may depend on the close coupling of prediction and outcome.