Translational Control in Virus-Infected Cells
Translational Control in Virus-Infected Cells
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a033001
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Mohr, Ian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stern-Ginossar, Noam;Thompson, Sunnie R.;Mohr, Ian
作为专性细胞内寄生虫，病毒繁殖需要宿主细胞功能。尽管基因组大小和结构、核酸组成及其编码功能库存在差异，但所有病毒仍然无条件地依赖于其细胞宿主内的蛋白质合成机制来翻译病毒信使 RNA (mRNA)。对包括感染在内的生理应激做出反应的复杂信号网络调节宿主翻译因子和核糖体可用性。此外，对翻译装置的访问受到强大的宿主免疫防御系统的巡逻，这些防御系统被编程来限制病毒入侵者。在这里，我们回顾了病毒用于适当控制宿主核糖体、破坏宿主防御并控制受感染细胞翻译环境的策略和机制。这些不仅定义了对于病毒繁殖至关重要的感染生物学方面，而且继续推动关于如何在健康和疾病中控制细胞蛋白质合成的基本发现。
As obligate intracellular parasites, virus reproduction requires host cell functions. Despite variations in genome size and configuration, nucleic acid composition, and their repertoire of encoded functions, all viruses remain unconditionally dependent on the protein synthesis machinery resident within their cellular hosts to translate viral messenger RNAs (mRNAs). A complex signaling network responsive to physiological stress, including infection, regulates host translation factors and ribosome availability. Furthermore, access to the translation apparatus is patrolled by powerful host immune defenses programmed to restrict viral invaders. Here, we review the tactics and mechanisms used by viruses to appropriate control over host ribosomes, subvert host defenses, and dominate the infected cell translational landscape. These not only define aspects of infection biology paramount for virus reproduction, but continue to drive fundamental discoveries into how cellular protein synthesis is controlled in health and disease.