Evaluate the capacity of electricity-driven water facilities in small communities as virtual energy storage
Evaluate the capacity of electricity-driven water facilities in small communities as virtual energy storage
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118349
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
M. Goodarzi;Qifeng Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Goodarzi;Qifeng Li
在小型社区，如小岛、大学校园/工业园/实验室设施以及偏远的乡村/城市，水能联通(WEN)运营商通常需要从电网购买电力来满足部分电力需求。这些社区的WEN通过适当控制其电力驱动的水设施(EDWF)，为电网提供虚拟储能(VES)和虚拟发电厂(VPP)服务创造了新的机会。本文研究了EDWF在VES和VPP等小型社区中的容量。以海岛、沙漠、城市和农村四种不同类型的小社区为研究对象，根据其地理特征，分别评价和比较了它们作为VE和VPP的能力。考虑到光伏资源渗透率高的WEB，需要电池储能系统(BESS)。提出了一种将EDWF作为VES运行的优化方法，以减小BESS所需的尺寸。针对大规模混合整数非线性规划问题，采用最新的凸优化技术，降低了优化模型的计算负担。此外，小社区的WEN被建模为VPP，在紧急情况下为电网提供旋转备用能量。本文还描述了如何控制EDWF作为一个虚拟系统，并为小社区提供实质性的好处。算例结果表明，将小社区电网作为VES或VPP进行电网可再生能源管理具有较好的经济效益。
In small communities, such as small islands, campuses of universities/industrial parks/lab facilities, and remote villages/cities, the Water-Energy Nexus (WEN) operators generally need to purchase electricity from the power grid to meet a portion of their power demand. The WEN of these communities creates new opportunities of providing virtual energy storage (VES) and virtual power plant (VPP) services to the power grid by properly controlling their electricity-driven water facilities (EDWF). This paper investigates the capacity of EDWFs in small communities as VES and VPP. Small communities in four different types of areas, e.g., island, desert, urban, and rural, are studied based on their geographical specifications, to evaluate and compare the capabilities of their WENs as VES and VPP respectively. WENs with high penetration of photovoltaic resources are considered, for which battery energy storage systems (BESS) are needed. An optimization approach of operating the EDWFs as VES is proposed to reduce the required size of BESSs. The state-of-the-art convex technologies are adopted to reduce the computational burden of the developed optimization models which are large-scale mixed-integer nonlinear programming problems. Besides, the WEN of small communities is modeled as a VPP to provide spinning reserve energy for the power grid in emergency conditions. This paper also describes how the EDWFs can be controlled to serve as a virtual system and provides substantial benefits for the small communities. Numerical results validate that it is economically beneficial to operate the WENs of small communities as VES or VPP for renewable energy management of power grids.