The Critical Heritage of Japanese Geography: Its Tortured Trajectory for Eight Decades
The Critical Heritage of Japanese Geography: Its Tortured Trajectory for Eight Decades
复制标题
日本地理学的重要遗产：八年的痛苦轨迹
DOI：
10.1068/d2204r
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Fujita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fujio Mizuoka;T. Mizuuchi;T. Hisatake;K. Tsutsumi;T. Fujita
在日本，批判地理学已经实践了80年：自20世纪20年代以来，贫困和工农的悲惨状况促使日本社会科学家采用马克思主义。批判遗产首先是引进德国马克思主义者和苏联学者的著作，其次是对支持军国主义政权和侵略战争的地缘政治意识形态的批判。除此之外，第二次世界大战前批判地理学的总体取向仍然主要是例外主义。批判地理学家在第二次世界大战后的民主化进程中获得了动力，他们通过组建最早的地理学替代组织之一日本经济地理学家协会来巩固自己。尽管例外论的趋势持续存在，但在20世纪60年代末到70年代初出现了一些将批判地理学理论化的尝试。例如，Noboru Ueno的著作《Chishigaku no Genten》（地方志的最终起源）（1972年，东京大梅堂）将马克思主义和现象学的原理整合到马克思主义地方志的理论体系中，处理土著渔民与邻近海洋的疏远问题，该海洋受到工业废物中汞的污染。然而，1973年Yada Toshifumi的Chiiki Kozo罗恩（区域结构理论）的出现（参见Yada，1990 Chiiki Kozo no Riron [区域结构理论] Mineruba Shobo，京都）及其随后在年轻一代曾经批判性的地理学家圈子中的统治粉碎了批判性遗产的进一步发展。日本地理学家的总体取向变得保守得多，失去了与国际地理学家日益增长的批评趋势达成协议的智力力量。与此同时，地理学之外的日本社会科学家开始绕过日本地理学界，采用国外发展起来的批判地理学概念。直到20世纪90年代初，一群具有批判性思维的地理学家才开始努力重新振兴地理学的批判遗产，与国际批判地理学家团体密切合作，创造自己的批判地理学概念。
In Japan, critical geography has been practised for eight decades: since the 1920s when poverty and the miserable condition of labour and peasants instigated Japanese social scientists to adopt Marxism. The critical heritage began with importing works by German Marxist and soviet scholars, followed by criticism of the geopolitical ideologies that supported the militarist regime and the war of aggression. Besides them, the general orientation of critical geography before World War 2 remained mainly exceptionalist. Critical geographers gained momentum in the course of the democratisation process after World War 2, and they consolidated themselves by forming one of the earliest alternative organisations of geography, the Japan Association of Economic Geographers. Although the trend of exceptionalism persisted, some attempts to theorise critical geography emerged in the late 1960s to early 1970s. Noboru Ueno's work Chishigaku no Genten (The ultimate origin of chorography) (1972, Taimeido, Tokyo), for example, integrated the tenets of Marxism and phenomenology into a theoretical body of Marxist chorography that dealt with alienation of the indigenous fishers from the neighbouring sea, which was polluted with mercury from industrial waste. Yet, the advent of Toshifumi Yada's chiiki kozo ron (theory of regional structure) in 1973 (see Yada, 1990 Chiiki Kozo no Riron [The theory of regional structure] Mineruba Shobo, Kyoto) and its subsequent domination in the circle of once-critical geographers of a younger generation shattered further development of the critical heritage. The general orientation of geographers in Japan has become much more conservative and lost the intellectual power to come to terms with the growing critical trend among international geographers. At the same time, Japanese social scientists outside geography started to adopt the conceptions of critical geography developed abroad, bypassing the Japanese geographers' circle. It was not until the early 1990s that a group of critically minded geographers set out their endeavour to revitalise the critical heritage of geography afresh, to create their own conceptions of critical geography in close association with an international group of critical geographers.
德川政府对天王的看法
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
Series"Tenno and Sovereignty 10
影响因子：
--
作者：
Eades;Jeremy S.(with S.Yamashita;J.Bosco);加藤千香子;MATSUDA Motoji;Fujita Satoru
通讯作者：
Fujita Satoru