Safe at Home?: A Comparison of Factors Influencing Indoor Residential Temperatures During Warm Weather Among Three Cities
Safe at Home?: A Comparison of Factors Influencing Indoor Residential Temperatures During Warm Weather Among Three Cities
复制标题
在家安全吗？：三个城市温暖天气室内住宅温度影响因素比较
DOI：
10.1080/01944363.2022.2087724
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
O’Neill, Marie S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Larsen, Larissa;Gronlund, Carina J.;Ketenci, Kaan Cem;Harlan, Sharon L.;Hondula, David M.;Stone, Brian;Lanza, Kevin;Mallen, Evan;Wright, Mary K.;O’Neill, Marie S.
问题、研究策略和发现随着夏季气温的升高，室内居住环境将成为危险热暴露的越来越多的来源。虽然空调是公认的预防措施，但许多弱势居民要么没有空调，要么总是买不起电。了解不同建筑特征和树冠覆盖率对极端高温事件期间室内空气温度的相对影响，可以帮助确定干预策略的优先顺序。我们测量了底特律（密歇根州），亚特兰大（佐治亚州）和凤凰城（亚利桑那州）140个家庭的室内和室外温度，并对居民进行了调查，以确定中央空调系统是否正常工作以及他们支付水电费的能力。对于每一个家庭，我们收集了建造年份，内部大小，单户与多户结构，立面类型和树冠百分比的信息。在空调之后，建筑特征与树冠措施的重要性因城市而异。在底特律，砖石外墙恶化了室外温度的影响，而增加树冠覆盖度缓和了影响。在亚特兰大，建筑特征并不显著，但树冠缓和了下午晚些时候的室内温度。在凤凰城，一些建筑特征缓和了下午晚些时候室外温度的影响。在底特律，只有35%的受访者根据需要使用中央空调，而亚特兰大和凤凰城的这一比例分别为57%和95%。不同城市的树冠和建筑特征对室内温度的影响因其背景气候而异。我们建议在美国人口普查中增加有关空调和公用事业贫困的问题。对于出租物业，市政当局应制定并执行最高室内温度阈值。各州应将制冷纳入其低收入家庭能源援助（LIHEAP）计划。公共冷却中心需要预测电力中断。城市规划者必须确保增加机械冷却的努力由可再生能源提供动力。
Problem, research strategy, and findingsIndoor residential environments will be an increasing source of dangerous heat exposure as summer temperatures rise. Although air conditioning is a recognized preventative measure, many vulnerable residents either lack air conditioning or cannot always afford the electricity. Understanding the relative influence of different building characteristics and percentages of tree canopy coverage on indoor air temperatures during extreme heat events can help prioritize intervention strategies. We measured indoor and outdoor temperatures at 140 homes in Detroit (MI), Atlanta (GA), and Phoenix (AZ) and surveyed residents to determine the presence of a working central air-conditioning system and their ability to afford utilities. For each home, we collected information on construction year, interior size, single versus multifamily structure, façade type, and percentage of tree canopy. After air conditioning, the importance of building characteristics versus tree canopy measures varied by city. In Detroit, masonry façades worsened the influence of outdoor temperatures, whereas increased tree canopy coverage moderated the influence. In Atlanta, building characteristics were not significant, but tree canopy moderated indoor temperatures in late afternoon. In Phoenix, some building characteristics moderated the influence of outdoor temperatures in late afternoon.Takeaway for practiceIn Detroit, only 35% of respondents had and used central air conditioning as needed compared with 57% in Atlanta and 95% in Phoenix. The influence of tree canopy and building characteristics on indoor temperatures varied by city depending on its background climate. We recommend adding questions about air conditioning and utility poverty to the U.S. Census. For rental properties, municipalities should establish and enforce maximum indoor temperature thresholds. States should include cooling in their Low Income Home Energy Assistance (LIHEAP) programs. Public cooling centers need to anticipate electricity outages. Urban planners must ensure efforts to increase mechanical cooling are powered by renewable energy sources.