Using participatory epidemiological techniques to estimate the relative incidence and impact on livelihoods of livestock diseases amongst nomadic pastoralists in Turkana South District, Kenya
Using participatory epidemiological techniques to estimate the relative incidence and impact on livelihoods of livestock diseases amongst nomadic pastoralists in Turkana South District, Kenya
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.05.001
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Mariner, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bett, B.;Jost, C.;Mariner, J.
在肯尼亚图尔卡纳南区与图尔卡纳牧民开展了一项参与性流行病学研究，以确定牲畜疾病的相对发生率及其对生计的影响。一个子地点被用作取样单位。分区是最小的行政单位，由拥有共同放牧模式的家庭集群（称为adakar）占据。共随机选择了32个子位置进行研究。与每个adakar至少举行了一次10人以上的焦点小组讨论。此外，在小组会议之前或之后，还对当地领导人和动物卫生服务提供者进行了关键的知情人访谈。与股票所有者一起使用的PE技术包括参与性绘图，相对发病率评分，比例堆积，疾病影响矩阵评分，季节日历和探测。所使用的方法在四个子地点进行了预先测试，这些地点被排除在进一步研究之外。研究显示，山羊的平均得分为33分，（第10和第90位分别为25，44）和绵羊，中位数得分为20.5（15，26）被认为是最丰富的牲畜物种，而山羊（中位数为32 [21，561]）和骆驼（中位数为22.5 [11，331]）对牧民的生计贡献最大。对于山羊，小反刍兽疫（PPR）、山羊传染性胸膜肺炎（CCPP）和疥癣的总体相对发病率评分分别为23.5%（15，34）、25%（21，45）和20%（19，28）。病死率的中位评分分别为66%（45，76.5）、62.5%（25，100）和73.2%（21.4，85.7）。疾病影响矩阵得分表明，疥癣是山羊最重要的疾病。疥癣（范围：28-32%）和痘（范围：16-38%）被认为是骆驼中最流行的疾病。牲畜流动、获得兽医服务的机会有限和牲畜被盗被认为是造成这些疾病高度流行和持续存在的关键因素。鉴于游牧和不安全带来的挑战，本文讨论了可用于控制这些疾病的战略。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
A participatory epidemiological (PE) study was carried out with Turkana pastoralists in Turkana South District, Kenya, to determine the relative incidence of livestock diseasess and their impact on livelihoods. A sub-location was used as the sampling unit. A sublocation is the smallest administrative unit and is occupied by clusters of families (called adakars) that share common grazing patterns. A total of 32 sub-locations were randomly selected for the study. At least one focus group discussion involving more than 10 people was held with each adakar. In addition, key informant interviews involving local leaders and animal health service providers were conducted before or after the group sessions. PE techniques that were used with the stock owners include participatory mapping, relative incidence scoring, proportional piling, disease impact matrix scoring, seasonal calendars and probing. The methods used were pre-tested in four sub-locations that were excluded from further study. The study revealed that goats, with median score of 33 (10th and 90th percentiles of 25,44, respectively) and sheep, median score of 20.5 (15,26) were perceived to be the most abundant livestock species while goats (median score of 32 [21, 561) and camels (median score of 22.5 [11, 331) contributed the most to the livelihoods of the pastoralists. For goats, the overall relative incidence scores of peste des petits ruminants (PPR), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and mange were 23.5% (15, 34), 25% (21, 45) and 20% (19, 28), respectively. The respective median scores for case fatality rates were 66% (45, 76.5), 62.5% (25, 100) and 73.2% (21.4, 85.7). Disease impact matrix scores indicated that mange was the most important disease of goats. Mange (range: 28-32%) and pox (range: 16-38%) were perceived to be the most prevalent diseases in camels. Livestock movements, limited access to veterinary services and stock theft were identified as key factors that contributed to the high prevalence and persistence of these diseases. This paper discusses strategies that could be used to control these diseases given the challenges associated with nomadic pastoralism and insecurity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.