Crossover Interference, Crossover Maturation, and Human Aneuploidy
Crossover Interference, Crossover Maturation, and Human Aneuploidy
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交叉干扰、交叉成熟和人类非整倍性
DOI：
10.1002/bies.201800221
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Zhang Liangran
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Shunxin;Liu Yanlei;Shang Yongliang;Zhai Binyuan;Yang Xiao;Kleckner Nancy;Zhang Liangran
人类女性有性生殖的一个显着特征是高水平的配子，其染色体数量异常（非整倍体）。在处于最佳生育年龄的女性中观察到的高基线之后，老年女性的数量急剧增加。正确的染色体分离需要同源母本和父本染色体之间的一个或多个 DNA 交叉 (CO)，以及姐妹染色单体臂之间的凝聚力。在人类女性中，根据 CO 干扰的指示，CO 指定通常会发生，从而产生早期的 CO 命运中间体。然而，约 25% 的这些中间体未能成熟为最终的 CO 产品。这种效应解释了非整倍性的高基线，并预计与年龄依赖性内聚力损失协同作用，以解释母亲年龄效应。在这里，回顾了现代对交叉和 CO 干扰的理解进展，进一步讨论了人类女性 CO 成熟效率低下的影响，并提出了未来研究的兴趣领域。
A striking feature of human female sexual reproduction is the high level of gametes that exhibit an aberrant number of chromosomes (aneuploidy). A high baseline observed in women of prime reproductive age is followed by a dramatic increase in older women. Proper chromosome segregation requires one or more DNA crossovers (COs) between homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes, in combination with cohesion between sister chromatid arms. In human females, CO designations occur normally, according to the dictates of CO interference, giving early CO‐fated intermediates. However, ≈25% of these intermediates fail to mature to final CO products. This effect explains the high baseline of aneuploidy and is predicted to synergize with age‐dependent cohesion loss to explain the maternal age effect. Here, modern advances in the understanding of crossing over and CO interference are reviewed, the implications of human female CO maturation inefficiency are further discussed, and areas of interest for future studies are suggested.