Can marine micro-organisms influence melting of the Arctic pack ice?
Can marine micro-organisms influence melting of the Arctic pack ice?
复制标题
海洋微生物会影响北极浮冰的融化吗？
DOI：
10.1029/2004eo030001
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Bigg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Leck;M. Tjernström;P. Matrai;E. Swietlicki;K. Bigg
2001年北冰洋考察（AOE-2001）主要在北纬85°以北的北极中部进行，以研究海洋生物形式及其在水和冰中的产物，其产物如何进入空气，产生的颗粒的演变，以及它们的生长到足以激活成云的大小。考察队还调查了这些自然产生的粒子和云是否对温度强迫构成积极或消极的气候反馈，如图1所示。事实上，开放的铅表面微层的生物活性被发现强烈影响粒子的生产在浮冰区，这将影响云的属性。类似的过程将微粒从表面微层转移到气泡破裂，应该在世界海洋上起作用。那么，海洋微生物能影响北极浮冰的融化吗？答案肯定是肯定的，但要确定这种影响是否重大，我们必须与许多未知因素作斗争。例如，生物活动和气载粒子的产生会随着浮冰的融化而增加还是减少，以及由此产生的海洋变暖的变化会抵消还是加强北极的变化？云量和地面与高空空气之间微弱的混合会保持不变吗？确定对气候变化的可能影响是重要的，但评估这种影响的程度将是一个更困难的问题。（减）
The Arctic Ocean Expedition of 2001 (AOE-2001) to the central Arctic mostly north of latitude 85°N was conducted to study marine life forms and their products in water and ice, how their products may get into the air, the evolution of the particles produced, and their growth up to sizes large enough for activation into clouds. The expedition also investigated whether these naturally generated particles and clouds constitute a positive or negative climate feedback upon temperature forcing, as schematically shown in Figure 1. Indeed, biological activity of the open lead surface micro-layer was found to strongly influence particle production over the pack ice region, and this would influence cloud properties there. Similar processes transferring particulates from the surface micro-layer to the air—bubble bursting—should be operative over the world's oceans. So, can marine micro-organisms influence the melting of the Arctic pack ice? The answer must be yes, but to determine whether that influence is significant or not, we have to contend with many unknown factors. For example, will biological activity and airborne particle production increase or decrease with melting of the pack ice, and will resultant changes in warmer oceans oppose or reinforce the Arctic changes? Will cloud cover and the feeble mixing between surface and higher air remain unchanged? To have identified a possible influence on climate change is important, but assessing the extent of that influence will be a far harder problem. (Less)