Can low rates of imazapyr or glyphosate improve graminicide activity on torpedograss?
Can low rates of imazapyr or glyphosate improve graminicide activity on torpedograss?
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低剂量的灭草烟或草甘膦能否提高鱼雷草的杀禾草剂活性？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Lauer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Enloe;And MICHAEL D. NETHERLAND;D. Lauer
入侵草的控制仍然是水生植物管理中最大的挑战之一。高剂量的草甘膦或吡嗪通常被使用，但缺乏许多水生管理者所期望的选择性。近年来，禾本科杀菌剂对水草有显著的杀灭效果，对许多非目标水生植物有良好的选择性。然而，任何杀菌剂都还没有最大限度地控制鱼雷草，而且再生可能相当可观。为此目的，降低草甘膦或伊马扎吡的混合剂量可用于提高效力和保持选择性。不幸的是，杀谷物剂也有与其他几种除草剂的拮抗历史，包括乙酰酸酯合成酶抑制剂。在水生环境中，除草剂与草甘膦和imazapyr之间的潜在相互作用尚不清楚。为了解决这些问题，进行了温室研究，以评估在与草甘膦（施用量为0.84或1.68公斤每公顷（施用量为2）1）或依马唑吡尔（施用量为0.07或0.14公斤每公顷（施用量为2）1）混合的罐中，施用量为0.53公斤每公顷（cid:2） 1和施用量为0.42公斤对丁基（cid:2） 1)的性能。在处理60 d后，我们发现将草甘膦或伊马唑吡与任何一种杀谷剂混合没有任何好处，因为与单独使用杀谷剂相比，生物量减少没有改善。除草剂与伊马唑吡无拮抗作用，草甘膦与两种除草剂均有有限拮抗作用。这种拮抗作用被观察到，与预期的储罐混合物减少相比，储罐混合物对地下生物量的影响减少了。总的来说，这些研究表明，减少两种最常用的除草剂对水生入侵草的控制并没有提高对鱼雷草的杀禾活性。
Invasive grass control remains one of the greatest challenges in aquatic plant management. High rates of glyphosate or imazapyr are commonly used but lack the selectivity desired by many aquatic managers. Recent progress with graminicides has demonstrated marked efficacy on torpedograss and excellent selectivity for many nontarget aquatic plants. However, torpedograss control has yet to be maximized with any graminicides, and regrowth can be considerable. To this end, tank mixes of reduced rates of glyphosate or imazapyr could be useful to both increase efficacy and maintain selectivity. Unfortunately, graminicides also have a long history of antagonism with several other classes of herbicides including acetolac-tate synthase inhibitors. The potential interactions between graminicides and glyphosate and imazapyr are unknown in aquatic settings. To address these issues, greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of sethoxydim applied at 0.53 kg ha (cid:2) 1 and fluazifop-p-butyl applied at 0.42 kg ha (cid:2) 1 when tank mixed with glyphosate (applied at 0.84 or 1.68 kg ae ha (cid:2) 1 ) or imazapyr (applied at 0.07 or 0.14 kg ai ha (cid:2) 1 ). At 60 d after treatment, we found no benefit to tank mixing glyphosate or imazapyr with either graminicide because biomass reductions were not improved compared to the graminicides alone. No antagonism was found between the graminicides and imazapyr, and limited antagonism was found between glyphosate and both graminicides. This antagonism was observed as a reduced impact of the tank mix on belowground biomass when compared to the expected reduction of the tank mix. Overall, these studies indicate that reduced rates of the two most commonly used herbicides for aquatic invasive grass control do not improve graminicide activity on torpedo-grass.