Ernst Mayr and the modern concept of species
Ernst Mayr and the modern concept of species
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0502030102
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发表时间：
2005-05-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
de Queiroz, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Queiroz, K
恩斯特·迈尔在建立物种作为超种群谱系的一般概念方面发挥了核心作用，他是物种类别众多替代定义中最受欢迎的定义之一的作者。要调和不相容的物种定义和发展统一的物种概念，就需要拒绝将元种群谱系的各种偶然特性（包括Mayr定义中的内在生殖隔离）解释为物种的必要特性。另一方面，Mayr所倡导的物种作为元种群谱系的一般概念构成了这种调和的基础，这是Mayr所倡导的这个概念的一个推论：物种是生物组织的一个基本类别。虽然一般的元种群谱系物种概念和迈尔流行的物种定义在“生物物种概念”的名义下经常被混淆，但在迈尔关于这一主题的早期著作中，它们或多或少被清楚地区分开来。根据Mayr提出的标准，几乎所有物种类别的现代概念和定义，不仅是那些需要内在生殖隔离的概念和定义，都应被认为是生物学上的。将超种群谱系的某一偶然属性（包括内在的生殖隔离）确定为物种的必要属性的物种类别定义，减少了在分类学上被认为是物种的超种群谱系的数量，但它们会导致其他物种定义之间的冲突，并损害物种作为生物组织基本类别的地位。
Ernst Mayr played a central role in the establishment of the general concept of species as metapopulation lineages, and he is the author of one of the most popular of the numerous alternative definitions of the species category. Reconciliation of incompatible species definitions and the development of a unified species concept require rejecting the interpretation of various contingent properties of metapopulation lineages, including intrinsic reproductive isolation in Mayr's definition, as necessary properties of species. On the other hand, the general concept of species as metapopulation lineages advocated by Mayr forms the foundation of this reconciliation, which follows from a corollary of that concept also advocated by Mayr: the proposition that the species is a fundamental category of biological organization. Although the general metapopulation lineage species concept and Mayr's popular species definition are commonly confused under the name "the biological species concept," they are more or less clearly distinguished in Mayr's early writings on the subject. Virtually all modern concepts and definitions of the species category, not only those that require intrinsic reproductive isolation, are to be considered biological according to the criterion proposed by Mayr. Definitions of the species category that identify a particular contingent property of metapopulation lineages (including intrinsic reproductive isolation) as a necessary property of species reduce the number of metapopulation lineages that are to be recognized taxonomically as species, but they cause conflicts among alternative species definitions and compromise the status of the species as a basic category of biological organization.