Recommendations for Sustainable Ancient DNA Research in the Global South: Voices From a New Generation of Paleogenomicists.
Recommendations for Sustainable Ancient DNA Research in the Global South: Voices From a New Generation of Paleogenomicists.
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全球南方可持续古代DNA研究的建议：来自新一代古基因组学家的声音。
DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2022.880170
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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古基因组学--研究古代基因组--做出了重大贡献，特别是对我们理解人类的进化历史。这种知识的涌入是下一代测序与改进的DNA回收和古代样本分析方法相结合的直接结果。大众媒体对古代DNA研究的吸引力，加上这种工作在“高影响力”期刊上发表的趋势，推动了从全球收藏中收集祖先人类遗骸，当地研究人员和社区的参与或参与往往有限。古基因组学文献中的这种做法导致来自全球南方的研究人员在研究设计和后续阶段的代表性有限。此外，土著和后裔社区往往被大众和学术界的叙述所疏远，这些叙述既涉及他们，也对他们产生影响，有时是不利的。虽然有些国家有防范“直升机科学”的保障措施，如联邦政府采取措施保护其生物文化遗产，但在其他国家，对用于破坏性研究的人类遗骸的取样和出口有不同的监督，对问责或与当地研究人员和社区协商有不同的要求。这些差异显示了区域政策中的鲜明对比和差距，这些政策助长了顽固的殖民做法。虽然在这一领域正在进行重要的批评和对话，但这些主要是通过美国遗产立法的透镜来指导的，如《美洲原住民坟墓和保护法》（NAGPRA）。在这篇文章中，我们的目标是扩大正在进行的对话的范围，考虑到不同的区域背景和挑战，从我们自己的研究经验，在古基因组学领域。我们强调，真正的合作涉及知识共享，能力建设，相互尊重和公平参与，所有这些都需要时间和可持续研究方法的实施;积累和出版策略与这种精神完全不相容。
Paleogenomics - the study of ancient genomes - has made significant contributions, especially to our understanding of the evolutionary history of humans. This knowledge influx has been a direct result of the coupling of next-generation sequencing with improved methods for DNA recovery and analysis of ancient samples. The appeal of ancient DNA studies in the popular media coupled with the trend for such work to be published in “high impact” journals has driven the amassing of ancestral human remains from global collections, often with limited to no engagement or involvement of local researchers and communities. This practice in the paleogenomics literature has led to limited representation of researchers from the Global South at the research design and subsequent stages. Additionally, Indigenous and descendant communities are often alienated from popular and academic narratives that both involve and impact them, sometimes adversely. While some countries have safeguards against ‘helicopter science’, such as federally regulated measures to protect their biocultural heritage, there is variable oversight in others with regard to sampling and exportation of human remains for destructive research, and differing requirements for accountability or consultation with local researchers and communities. These disparities reveal stark contrasts and gaps in regional policies that lend themselves to persistent colonial practices. While essential critiques and conversations in this sphere are taking place, these are primarily guided through the lens of US-based heritage legislation such as the Native American Graves and Protection Act (NAGPRA). In this article, we aim to expand the scope of ongoing conversations by taking into account diverse regional contexts and challenges drawing from our own research experiences in the field of paleogenomics. We emphasize that true collaborations involve knowledge sharing, capacity building, mutual respect, and equitable participation, all of which take time and the implementation of sustainable research methods; amass-and-publish strategy is simply incompatible with this ethos.