miRNAs in Tuberculosis: New Avenues for Diagnosis and Host-Directed Therapy.
miRNAs in Tuberculosis: New Avenues for Diagnosis and Host-Directed Therapy.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2018.00602
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Zhou X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sabir N;Hussain T;Shah SZA;Peramo A;Zhao D;Zhou X
结核病（TB）是最致命的传染病之一，也是导致死亡的主要原因，其中95%的死亡发生在发展中国家。病原体结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）具有良好的能力，可以绕过宿主的免疫系统，在细胞内存活。microRNA（miRNAs）是在转录后水平具有重要功能的小的非编码RNA，并且通过调节免疫细胞中表达的基因库而参与形成免疫。在最近的研究中已经确定，针对TB的先天免疫应答受miRNA的显著调节。此外，Mtb感染中miRNA的差异表达可以反映疾病的进展，并可能有助于区分活动性和潜伏性TB感染（LTBI）。这些发现鼓励了miRNA作为潜在生物标志物的应用。类似地，miRNA在调节针对Mtb的自噬和凋亡应答中的积极参与为利用miRNA作为针对TB的宿主定向疗法（HDT）开辟了令人兴奋的途径。已经报道了纳米颗粒介导的递送miRNA以治疗各种疾病，并且该技术具有用于TB的巨大潜力。事实上，这种利用miRNA作为生物标志物和HDT仍处于起步阶段，提倡使用模拟人类TB的动物模型进行更多研究以评估miRNA作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的作用。本文就miRNAs在结核病中作为免疫调节剂的作用、miRNAs区分活动性结核病和潜伏性结核病的能力以及miRNAs作为结核病治疗靶点的研究进展进行综述。
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most fatal infectious diseases and a leading cause of mortality, with 95% of these deaths occurring in developing countries. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has a well-established ability to circumvent the host’s immune system for its intracellular survival. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs having an important function at the post-transcriptional level and are involved in shaping immunity by regulating the repertoire of genes expressed in immune cells. It has been established in recent studies that the innate immune response against TB is significantly regulated by miRNAs. Moreover, differential expression of miRNA in Mtb infection can reflect the disease progression and may help distinguish between active and latent TB infection (LTBI). These findings encouraged the application of miRNAs as potential biomarkers. Similarly, active participation of miRNAs in modulation of autophagy and apoptosis responses against Mtb opens an exciting avenue for the exploitation of miRNAs as host directed therapy (HDT) against TB. Nanoparticles mediated delivery of miRNAs to treat various diseases has been reported and this technology has a great potential to be used in TB. In reality, this exploitation of miRNAs as biomarkers and in HDT is still in its infancy stage, and more studies using animal models mimicking human TB are advocated to assess the role of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we attempt to summarize the recent advancements in the role of miRNAs in TB as immune modulator, miRNAs’ capability to distinguish between active and latent TB and, finally, usage of miRNAs as therapeutic targets against TB.