Agonistic Displays and the Benefits of Fighting in the Field Cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
Agonistic Displays and the Benefits of Fighting in the Field Cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus
复制标题
蟋蟀 (Gryllus bimaculatus) 的竞争性展示和田间格斗的好处
作者：
G. Tachon;A. Murray;D. A. Gray;W. Cade
战斗通常由离散的对抗性表现组成。很少有研究将打斗行为分为其组成部分的竞争性展示，并评估展示频率与打斗的潜在好处（尤其是交配成功）之间的关系。在这项研究中，我们量化了雄性田间蟋蟀（Gryllus bimaculatus）竞争性展示的频率。这些展示是在三种社会环境下进行量化的，这些环境中打斗的潜在好处各不相同：雄性仅与其他雄性、雄性与其他雄性和雌性气味、以及雄性与其他雄性和雌性。我们发现（1）雌性的存在会引起中等程度升级的竞争性展示的增加，（2）雌性气味不会导致竞争性展示频率的类似增加，（3）在雌性存在的情况下，竞争性展示的频率与交配成功呈正相关。攻击性的鸣叫是一种精力充沛的低成本展示，与更昂贵的展示相比，与交配成功的相关性更强。研究结果在攻击进化理论和蟋蟀交配系统的背景下进行了讨论。
Fighting is often composed of discrete agonistic displays. Few studies have partitioned fighting behavior into its component agonistic displays and evaluated the relationships between the frequency of the displays and the potential benefits of fighting, particularly mating success. In this study, we quantified the frequency of male field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, agonistic displays. The displays were quantified under three social environments which varied in the potential benefits of fighting: males with other males only, males with other males and female scents, and males with other males and females. We found that (1) the presence of females elicited an increase in agonistic displays characteristic of intermediate levels of escalation, (2) female scents did not produce a similar increase in the frequency of agonistic displays, and (3) in the presence of females, the frequency of agonistic displays was positively correlated with mating success. Aggressive stridulation, an energetically low-cost display, was more strongly associated with mating success than were more costly displays. The results are discussed in the context of the evolutionary theory of aggression and in the context of cricket mating systems.